The following articles were used as source material for much of the information on this Web site concerning HIV and African Americans:

1. CDC. HIV Prevalence Estimates—United States, 2006. MMWR 2008;57:1073–1076.
2. U.S. Census Bureau Quick Facts. Accessed August 31, 2010.
3. CDC. HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report, 2008. Vol. 20. Published June 2010. Accessed August 8, 2010.
4. Hall, I, An Q, Hutchinson A, et al. Estimating the Lifetime Risk of a Diagnosis of the HIV Infection in 33 States, 2004–2005. JAIDS 2008;49(3):294–297.
5. CDC. Subpopulation Estimates from the HIV Incidence Surveillance System—United States, 2006. MMWR 2008;57:985–989.
6. Leigh BS, Stall R. Substance use and risky sexual behavior to HIV: issues in methodology, interpretation, and prevention. American Psychologist 1993;48:1035-1045.
7. CDC. HIV prevention through early detection and treatment of other sexually transmitted diseases—United States. MMWR 1998;47:1–24.
8. CDC. HIV Prevalence, Unrecognized Infection and HIV Testing among Men Who Have Sex with Men—Five U.S. Cities, June 2004–April 2005. MMWR 2005;54:597–601.
9. Johnson, A.G. (2000) Stigma. The Blackwell Dictionary of Sociology: A User's Guide to Sociological Language. Blackwell Publishers: Malden, MA.
10. Ford, Chandra L. et al. (March 2007) Black Sexuality, Social Construction, and Research Targeting ‘The Down Low’ (‘The DL’) Annals of Epidemiology. 17(3), pp 209–216.
11. Barrow, R.Y., Newman, L.M., Douglas Jr., J.M. (December 2008) Taking Positive Steps to Address STD Disparities for African-American Communities. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 35(12) Supplement pp S1–S3.
12. Heron, M. Deaths: Leading causes for 2006. National vital statistics reports; Vol. 58(14). Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2010.