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One of the ways to measure success toward attaining the goals of the Plan is to monitor changes in the epidemic using data provided by national surveys and surveillance systems. CDC identified 12 measurable performance indicators in 2002 to monitor annual progress toward achieving Plan goals. The indicators are based on quantitative measures for specific goals or objectives and the current and future availability of data. Baselines were established for 2000 and performance targets were determined for 2005 and 2010. CDC designed the HIV prevention performance indicators to be consistent with standardized measures used for other federal activities.
Summary of goal indicators and outcomes
| Goal |
Indicators |
Outcomes |
| Overarching goal: Reduce the number of new HIV infections in the United States from an estimated 40,000 to 20,000 per year by the year 2005, focusing particularly on eliminating racial and ethnic disparities in new HIV infections. |
- Measure the number of persons 13-24 years of age diagnosed with HIV/AIDS in 30 areas with at least a four-year history of implementing named-based reporting.
- Trend in gonorrhea rates reported each year.
- Trend in primary and secondary syphilis cases reported each year.
- Estimated number of new perinatally acquired AIDS cases diagnosed each year
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- Between 2000-2004, the number of people aged 13-24 years of age diagnosed with HIV/AIDS increased from 2,929 to 3,465.
- Between 2000-2004, the rate of gonorrhea declined from 128.7 to 113.5 cases per 100,000 population.
- Between 2000-2004, the rates o f P&S syphilis increased slightly from 2.1 to 2.7 cases per 100,000 populations
- Between 2000-2004, the estimated number of perinatally-acquired AIDS cases declined from 124 to 48 cases.
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| Goal 1: By 2005, decrease by at least 50% the number of persons in the United States at risk for acquiring or transmitting HIV infection by delivering targeted, sustained, and evidence-based HIV prevention interventions. |
- YRBS data monitoring % of 9 th -12 th grade students who reported safe sexual behaviors defined as a) never having engaged in sexual intercourse b) not sexually active in past 3 months c) if sexually active in past 3 months, used condom.
- SHAH data monitoring condom use of persons diagnosed with HIV for >12 months when status of partner was unknown.
- SHAS data monitoring sharing of needles among HIV-infected IDUs diagnosed for >12 months
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- From 1999-2003, % of students practicing safer sex or abstinence increased from 85%-88%.
- Between 2001-2004, % of condom use among HIV-infected persons increased slightly from 12.3% to 13.4%.
- Between 2001-2004, % of those who shared of needles among HIV-infected persons decreased from 7% to 3% in 2001, but increased to 7% in 2004.
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| Goal 2: By 2005, through voluntary counseling and testing, increase the current estimated 70%-95% the proportion of HIV-infected people in the United States who know they are infected. |
- CDC's CTS measures % of HIV-positive test results from publicly funded counseling and testing sites with post-test counseling sessions.
- HIV/AIDS Monitoring System measures % of HIV cases diagnosed at least one month before progression to AIDS.
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- From 2000-2003, % of HIV-positive test remained stable at 69%-71%
- From 2000-2004, % of diagnosed HIV cases increased slightly from 76%-78%
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| Goal 3: By 2005, increase from the current estimate of 50% to 80% the proportion of HIV infected people in the United States who are linked to appropriate prevention, care, and treatment services. |
- SHAS monitors % of HIV/AIDS cases in care within 3 months of diagnosis
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- From 2000-2004, data shows % of HIV-infected who received medical care within 3 months increased from 79%-85%
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| Goal 4: By 2005, strengthen the capacity nationwide to monitor the epidemic, develop, and implement effective HIV prevention interventions and evaluate prevention programs |
- Measures the number of states and territories with integrated, confidential, name-based HIV/AIDS case surveillance systems.
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- January 2001, 33 states and 2 territories had implemented HIV case surveillance systems
- April 2006, all states and territories had some form of HIV reporting: 43 states use name-based reporting, two use name-to-code reporting, and 6 use code identifiers
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Indicators for Goal 1 measure abstinence, sexual intercourse and condom use among students in grades 9-12. The indicator is designed to measure youth who have never had sexual intercourse, abstained from sexual intercourse in the past three months, and used condoms in the past three months. Data from the Youth Risk Behavioral Survey (YRBS) showed a substantial increase in safer sex behaviors among adolescents from 1999-2003.
Indicators also measure condom use during vaginal or anal sex among persons diagnosed with HIV infection for >12 months who did not know the HIV status of their partners; and the sharing of needles or syringes among persons diagnosed with HIV infection for >12 months. Data from the Supplement to HIV/AIDS Surveillance (SHAS) show minimal changes in the indicators from 2001 to 2004 because prevention activities targeted to PLWH are a new component of CDC's overall HIV prevention efforts.
Indicators for Goal 2 measure the percentage of HIV-positive test results from publicly-funded counseling and testing sites with post-test counseling sessions and the percentage of HIV cases diagnosed before progression to AIDS. The percentage of HIV-positive tests remained relatively stable from 69%-71% from 2000-2003, while the percentage of diagnosed HIV cases slightly increased from 76%-78% from 2000-2004.
The indicator for Goal 3 measures the percentage of HIV/AIDS cases in care within three months of diagnosis. Available data showed an increase in the indicator from 79%-85% between 2000 and 2004.
The indicator for Goal 4 measures the number of state and territories with integrated, confidential, name-based HIV/AIDS case surveillance systems. As of January 2001, 33 states and two territories had implemented HIV case surveillance using the same confidential system as AIDS for named-based HIV case reporting. Three states converted names to codes for HIV reporting. Seven states and Puerto Rico used coded identifiers for HIV reporting. Six states had no HIV reporting system at that time. As of April 2006, all states and territories have some form of HIV reporting: 43 states use name-based reporting, two use name-to-code reporting, and five and the District of Columbia use coded identifiers.
In summary, most of the indicators for the above goals produced stable results for behaviors and incidence, while CDC notes significant progress in efforts to implement national HIV surveillance and to link HIV-infected persons to care (see
Appendix G for more detail about these indicators).
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