Haemophilus influenzae Disease (Including Hib)

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Risk Factors

Haemophilus influenzae, including Hib, is a bacterium that can cause a severe infection, occurring mostly in infants and children younger than five years of age. Adults 65 years and older are also at higher risk. American Indian/Alaska Native populations are also at increased risk for invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease.

People with certain medical conditions are at higher risk for developing a Haemophilus influenzae infection. Those medical conditions include:

Sickle cell disease
Asplenia (no spleen)
HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection
Antibody and complement deficiency syndromes
Malignant neoplasms (a type of tumor)

This bar chart describes estimated U.S. incidence of Haemophilus influenzae by age-group from 2001 to 2010. Incidence is highest among those 65 years and older. The second highest incidence is among those younger than 5 years of age, and the third highest among those 50 to 64 years of age. Incidence is lowest among those 5 through 49 years of age. This chart also describes which serotypes of Haemophilus influenzae are causing disease by age group. For children younger than 5 years of age and adults 50 through 64 years of age, non-b and non-typeable cause the majority of disease, with type b only causing a small amount. For 5 through 34 year olds, non-typeable causes the majority of disease. For 35 through 49 year olds, disease is caused by non-b and non-typeable. For adults 65 years and older, non-typeable causes the majority of disease, followed by non-b and type b.

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