| Data Source | Data | Pathogen(s) | Geographic Coverage | Time Frame | Adjustments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) | Number of laboratory-confirmed illnesses, proportion hospitalized, proportion who died | Campylobacter spp.; Cryptosporidium parvum; Cyclospora cayetanensis; Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7; Listeria monocytogenes; non-typhoidal Salmonella; Shigella spp.; Vibrio, other spp.; and Yersinia enterocolitica | FoodNet sites1 | 1996–1997 | Geographical coverage |
| Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System (FDOSS) | Number of foodborne outbreak-associated illnesses | Bacillus cereus; Clostridium perfringens; Staphylococcus aureus; and Streptococcus spp., Group A | United States | 1988–1992 (1983–1987 for Staphylococcus aureus) |
Underreporting |
| Proportion hospitalized and proportion who died in foodborne outbreaks | Bacillus cereus; Brucella spp.; Clostridium botulinum; Clostridium perfringens; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus spp., Group A; and Trichinella spiralis | United States | 1988–1992 | Underreporting | |
| Gulf Coast States Vibrio Surveillance System | Number of case-patient reports, proportion hospitalized, proportion who died | Vibrio cholera and Vibrio Vulnificus | 4 Gulf Coast states | 1989 | Underreporting; |
National Electronic Telecommuni-cations System for Surveillance (NETSS) |
Number of case-patient reports | Trichinella spiralis | United States (not all states report to NETSS; those who don’t report through Public Health Laboratories Information System) | 1995–1998 | Underreporting |
| National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) | Seroprevalence | Toxoplasma gondii |
United States | 1994 | Rate of infection over time and percentage symptomatic |
| National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS)2 | Number of case-patient reports | Clostridum botulinum; Brucella spp.; Hepatitis A, Salmonella Typhi | United States | 1992–1997 | Underreporting |
| Various acute gastroenteritis data sources (see Table 5b) | Acute gastroenteritis illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths | Norovirus | See Table 5b | See Table 5b | Fraction of acute gastroenteritis attributable to norovirus |
1 FoodNet conducts population-based active surveillance for selected foodborne infections in 8 sites with a total population catchment area of 20.5 million Americans.
2 Passive surveillance data reported by physicians and laboratories
| Data source | Data | Definition | Geographic coverage | Time frame |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FoodNet Population Survey | Rate of illnesses | Average annual rate of diarrheal illness derived by multiplying the average monthly prevalence by 12, where an episode of acute diarrheal illess was defined as diarrhea (≥3 loose stools in 24 hours) lasting >1 day or resulting in restricted daily activities or vomiting in the past month. | FoodNet sites1 | 1996–1997 |
| Monto & Koopman, 1980 | Rate of illnesses | Vomiting and respiratory symptoms |
850 households in Tecumseh, Michigan |
1965–1971 |
| Dingle et al., 1964 | Rate of illnesses | Vomiting and respiratory symptoms | 86 families in Cleveland, Ohio | 1948–1957 |
National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) |
Hospitalization rate | Acute gastroenteritis hospitalizations were identified from discharges with one of the first three listed diagnoses classified by ICD-9-M diagnostic codes 001–008 (infectious gastroenteritis of known cause); 009 (infectious gastroenteritis); 558.9 (other and unspecified noninfectious gastroenteritis and colitis). | Nationally representative sample of discharge records from ~ 475 US hospitals | 1992–1996 |
| National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS); National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) | Hospitalization rate | Acute gastroenteritis hospitalizations were identified from patient visits to clinical settings, including physician offices, hospital emergency and outpatient departments with a diagnosis of infectious enteritis (ICD-9-CM diagnostic codes 001–008 (infectious gastroenteritis of known cause); 009 (infectious gastroenteritis); and 558.9 (other and unspecified noninfectious gastroenteritis and colitis) and reason for visit classification {RVC} codes 1595, 1530, 1540, for diarrhea, vomiting and gastroenteritis, respectively. |
Nationally representative sample of US clinical settings |
1996 |
| Multiple-cause-of-death data from the National Vital Statistics System | Death rate | Acute gastroenteritis deaths were identified from the underlying or contributing cause of death classified by ICD-10 diagnostic codes A00.9–A08.5 (infectious gastroenteritis of known cause) A09 (diarrhea & gastroenteritis of presumed infectious origin); and K52.9 (noninfectious gastroenteritis and colitis, unspecified) | United States | 1998 |
1FoodNet conducts population-based active surveillance for selected foodborne infections in 8 sites with a total population catchment area of 20.5 million Americans.
