What CDC Is Doing About HPV-Associated Cancers

ABHACUS

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Division of Cancer Prevention and Control (DCPC) led an effort to produce a journal supplement entitled "Assessing the Burden of HPV-Associated Cancers in the United States (ABHACUS)." This supplement uses cancer registry data to estimate how many HPV-associated cancers occurred in the United States before the release of the HPV vaccine, and to examine current patterns in the distribution of these cancers.

Six articles in the supplement focus on cancer sites known to be associated with HPV, including the cervix, vulva, vagina, penis, anus, and some sites in the head and neck (oral cavity and oropharynx).

Other articles focus on related topics such as disparities in these types of cancers, how CDC programs address such disparities, behavioral risk factors related to these cancers, and background of the HPV vaccine.

Contributors include partners from other CDC centers and divisions, including the Division of STD Prevention and the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, state cancer registries, the American Cancer Society, the National Cancer Institute, and academia.

The following articles were published in the November 15, 2008 supplement edition of the journal Cancer, produced by the American Cancer Society. If you have questions about the study, please visit Questions and Answers.

• Balamurugan A, Ahmed F, Saraiya M, Kosary C, Schwenn M, Cokkinides V, Flowers LC, Pollack LA. Potential role of human papillomavirus in the development of subsequent primary in situ and invasive cancers among cervical cancer survivors. Cancer 2008;113(S10):2919–2925.
• Bates JH, Parikh-Patel A, Hofer BM. Cervical cancer incidence, mortality, and survival among Asian subgroups in California, 1990–2004. Cancer 2008;113(S10):2955–2963.
• Benard VB, Johnson CJ, Thompson TD, Roland KB, Lai SM, Cokkinides V, Tangka F, Hawkins NA, Lawson H, and Weir HK. Examining the association between socioeconomic status and potential human papillomavirus-associated cancers. Cancer 2008;113(S10):2910–2918.
• Castle P, Solomon D, Saslow D, Schiffman M. Predicting the effect of successful human papillomavirus vaccination on existing cervical cancer prevention programs in the United States. Cancer 2008;113(S10):3031–3035.
• Copeland G, Datta SD, Spivak G, Garvin AD, Cote M. Total burden and incidence of in situ and invasive cervical carcinoma in Michigan, 1985–2003. Cancer 2008;113(S10):2946–2954.
• Coughlin SS, Richards TB, Nasseri K, Weiss NS, Wiggins C, Saraiya M, Stinchcomb DG, Vensor V, Nielson C. Cervical cancer incidence in the United States in the U.S.-Mexico border region, 1998–2003. Cancer 2008;113(S10):2964–2973.
• Dunne EF, Datta SD, Markowitz L. A review of prophylactic human papillomavirus vaccines: Recommendations and monitoring in the U.S. Cancer 2008;113(S10):2995–3003.
• Ekwueme DU, Chesson HW, Zhang KB, Balamurugan A. Years of potential life lost and productivity costs because of cancer mortality and for specific cancer sites where human papillomavirus may be a risk factor for carcinogenesis—United States, 2003. Cancer 2008;113(S10):2936–2945.
• Gillison ML, Chaturvedi AK, Lowy DR. HPV prophylactic vaccines and the potential prevention of noncervical cancers in both men and women. Cancer 2008;113(S10):3036–3046.
• Hernandez BY, Barnholtz-Sloan J, German RR, Giuliano AR, Goodman MT, King JB, Negoita S, Villalon-Gomez JM. Burden of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the penis in the United States, 1998–2003. Cancer 2008;113(S10):2883–2891.
• Hopenhayn C, King JB, Christian A, Huang B, Christian WJ. Variability of cervical cancer rates across 5 Appalachian states, 1998–2003. Cancer 2008;113(S10):2974–2980.
• Joseph DA, Miller JW, Wu X, Chen VW, Morris CR, Goodman MT, Villalon-Gomez JM, Williams M, Cress RD. Understanding the burden of human papillomavirus-associated anal cancers in the U.S. Cancer 2008;113(S10):2892–2900.
• Khan K, Curtis CR, Ekwueme DU, Stokley S, Walker C, Roland KB, Saraiya M. Preventing cervical cancer: Overviews of the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program and 2 U.S. immunization programs. Cancer 2008;113(S10):3004–3012.
• Negoita S, Harrison JN, Qiao B, Ekwueme DU, Flowers LC, Kahn AR. Distribution of treatment for human papillomavirus-associated gynecologic carcinomas before prophylactic vaccine. Cancer 2008;113(S10):2926–2935.
• Ryerson AB, Peters ES, Coughlin SS, Chen VW, Gillison ML, Reichman ME, Wu X, Chaturvedi AK, Kawaoka K. Burden of potentially human papillomavirus-associated cancers of the oropharynx and oral cavity in the U.S., 1998–2003. Cancer 2008;113(S10):2901–2909.
• Saraiya M, Ahmed F, White MC, Lawson H, Unger ER, Eheman CR. Toward using National Cancer Surveillance data for preventing and controlling cervical and other human papillomavirus-associated cancers in the U.S. Cancer 2008;113(S10):2837–2840.
• Saraiya M, Goodman MT, Datta SD, Chen VW, Wingo P. Cancer registries and monitoring the impact of prophylactic human papillomavirus vaccines: The potential role. Cancer 2008;113(S10):3047–3057.
• Saraiya M, Watson M, Wu X, King JB, Chen VW, Smith JS, Giuliano AR. Incidence of in situ and invasive vulvar cancer in the U.S., 1998–2003. Cancer 2008;113(S10):2865–2872.
• Tiro JA, Saraiya M, Jain N, Liddon N, Cokkinides V, Lai SM, Breen N, Wideroff L. Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer behavioral surveillance in the U.S. Cancer 2008;113(S10):3013–3030.
• Watson M, Saraiya M, Ahmed F, Cardinez CJ, Reichman ME, Weir HK, Richards TB. Using population-based cancer registry data to assess the burden of human papillomavirus-associated cancers in the United States: Overview of methods. Cancer 2008;113(S10):2841–2854.
• Watson M, Saraiya M, Benard V, Coughlin SS, Flowers LC, Cokkinides V, Schwenn M, Huang Y, Giuliano AR. Burden of cervical cancer in the United States, 1998–2003. Cancer 2008;113(S10):2855–2864.
• Whiteside MA, Siegel EM, Unger ER. Human papillomavirus and molecular considerations for cancer risk. Cancer 2008;113(S10):2981–2994.
• Wu X, Matanoski G, Chen VW, Saraiya M, Coughlin SS, King JB, Tao XG. Descriptive epidemiology of vaginal cancer incidence and survival by race, ethnicity, and age in the United States. Cancer 2008;113(S10):2873–2882.

Latest Publication

A publication updating information on HPV-associated female genital cancers was published in the November 2009 issue of Journal of Women's Health. This report presents the burden and recent trends of HPV-associated cervical, vulvar, and vaginal cancers, and includes American Indian/Alaska Native populations.

National Gynecologic Cancer Awareness Campaign

CDC developed the national gynecologic cancer awareness campaign, Inside Knowledge: Get the Facts About Gynecologic Cancer, to raise awareness of gynecologic cancers, including cervical cancer.

National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program

CDC's National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP) provides access to critical breast and cervical cancer screening services for underserved women in the United States. Find out if you qualify.

National Program of Cancer Registries

Established in 1994, CDC's National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) supports and promotes the collection and use of registry data in 45 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Republic of Palau, and the Virgin Islands. The NPCR collects surveillance data for all cancers and publishes them yearly in the United States Cancer Statistics: Incidence and Mortality report. Data collected often are used by states to create burden assessments that guide program planning, outreach, and education efforts.

Read the Michigan Cancer Surveillance Program's success story, Assessing HPV Prevelence and Types in Cancer Lesions.

Vaccines for Children Program

The Vaccines for Children Program is a federally funded program that provides vaccines at no purchase cost to eligible children who might not otherwise be vaccinated because of inability to pay. The HPV vaccine is offered under this program to eligible females 9–18 years of age.

HPV Education Campaign

CDC developed an HPV awareness campaign, HPV: Common Infection, Common Reality, with brochures for the general public, physicians, and women diagnosed with HPV.

Pre-teen Vaccine Campaign

CDC's Preteen Vaccine campaign informs parents, caregivers, family physicians, and pediatricians about CDC′s vaccination recommendations for 11- and 12-year-old boys and girls, including the HPV vaccine.