| Table 3.1a: Documentation of infant feeding decisions by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) -- 2013 | ||||||
| How often infant feeding decisions are documented in medical records | ||||||
| Rarely | Sometimes | Often | Almost always | Not sure | N | |
| All | 0.3 | 0.2 | 1.4 | 98.1 | 0.0 | 2632 |
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Birth center | 0.6 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 96.4 | 0.0 | 165 |
| Government hospital | 0.4 | 0.2 | 1.7 | 97.7 | 0.0 | 480 |
| Non-profit hospital | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1.4 | 98.2 | 0.1 | 1618 |
| Private hospital | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 98.5 | 0.0 | 343 |
| Military hospital | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 26 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.6 | 98.4 | 0.0 | 184 |
| No | 0.3 | 0.2 | 1.3 | 98.2 | 0.0 | 2283 |
| Size of facility | ||||||
| 1-249 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 2.4 | 96.4 | 0.0 | 586 |
| 250-499 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 99.4 | 0.0 | 466 |
| 500-999 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 98.8 | 0.2 | 571 |
| 1000-1999 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 1.6 | 97.7 | 0.0 | 516 |
| 2000-4999 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 99.1 | 0.0 | 433 |
| 5000 or more | 0.0 | 0.0 | 6.7 | 93.3 | 0.0 | 60 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 0.3 | 0.4 | 1.6 | 97.7 | 0.1 | 1142 |
| Level 2 special care | 0.5 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 98.3 | 0.0 | 842 |
| Level 3 NICU | 0.2 | 0.2 | 1.3 | 98.4 | 0.0 | 560 |
| Level 4 Regional NICU | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.3 | 97.7 | 0.0 | 88 |
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 98.9 | 0.0 | 353 |
| Mountain | 0.8 | 0.0 | 2.1 | 96.7 | 0.4 | 239 |
| West North Central | 0.0 | 0.6 | 1.7 | 97.8 | 0.0 | 357 |
| East North Central | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 99.3 | 0.0 | 426 |
| West South Central | 0.6 | 0.9 | 2.4 | 96.1 | 0.0 | 332 |
| East South Central | 1.2 | 0.0 | 1.2 | 97.7 | 0.0 | 173 |
| New England | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.6 | 98.4 | 0.0 | 127 |
| Middle Atlantic | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 98.7 | 0.0 | 233 |
| South Atlantic | 0.3 | 0.3 | 1.0 | 98.5 | 0.0 | 392 |
| Table 3.2a: Provision of advice & instructions for breastfeeding patients by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) -- 2013 | |||||
| How many breastfeeding patients are provided advice & instructions about breastfeeding | |||||
| Few | Some | Many | Most | N | |
| All | 0.1 | 0.8 | 7.0 | 92.1 | 2633 |
| Type of facility | |||||
| Birth center | 0.0 | 0.6 | 4.2 | 95.2 | 166 |
| Government hospital | 0.2 | 2.1 | 9.8 | 87.9 | 481 |
| Non-profit hospital | 0.0 | 0.4 | 5.6 | 93.9 | 1617 |
| Private hospital | 0.3 | 0.6 | 11.1 | 88.0 | 343 |
| Military hospital | 0.0 | 0.0 | 7.7 | 92.3 | 26 |
| Teaching hospital | |||||
| Yes | 0.0 | 0.5 | 5.4 | 94.0 | 184 |
| No | 0.1 | 0.8 | 7.4 | 91.8 | 2283 |
| Size of facility | |||||
| 1-249 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 7.0 | 92.3 | 587 |
| 250-499 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 9.2 | 89.5 | 466 |
| 500-999 | 0.0 | 1.4 | 6.8 | 91.8 | 571 |
| 1000-1999 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 5.0 | 94.4 | 516 |
| 2000-4999 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 7.4 | 92.4 | 433 |
| 5000 or more | 0.0 | 0.0 | 6.7 | 93.3 | 60 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | |||||
| Healthy newborn only | 0.2 | 0.7 | 7.3 | 91.9 | 1143 |
| Level 2 special care | 0.0 | 1.1 | 7.2 | 91.7 | 842 |
| Level 3 NICU | 0.0 | 0.5 | 6.1 | 93.4 | 560 |
| Level 4 Regional NICU | 0.0 | 0.0 | 8.0 | 92.0 | 88 |
| Census region | |||||
| Pacific | 0.0 | 0.8 | 4.8 | 94.3 | 353 |
| Mountain | 0.0 | 1.7 | 10.0 | 88.4 | 241 |
| West North Central | 0.0 | 0.6 | 5.3 | 94.1 | 356 |
| East North Central | 0.0 | 0.9 | 7.0 | 92.0 | 426 |
| West South Central | 0.3 | 0.9 | 12.3 | 86.4 | 332 |
| East South Central | 0.6 | 1.2 | 8.1 | 90.2 | 173 |
| New England | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 99.2 | 127 |
| Middle Atlantic | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.0 | 97.0 | 233 |
| South Atlantic | 0.0 | 0.5 | 8.2 | 91.3 | 392 |
| Table 3.3a: Education on infant cues to feed by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) -- 2013 | ||||||
| How many patients are taught to recognize & respond to infant cues rather than feeding on a set schedule | ||||||
| Few | Some | Many | Most | Not sure | N | |
| All | 0.2 | 1.0 | 11.5 | 86.9 | 0.3 | 2633 |
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Birth center | 1.2 | 0.0 | 4.2 | 93.4 | 1.2 | 166 |
| Government hospital | 0.0 | 2.7 | 16.8 | 80.5 | 0.0 | 481 |
| Non-profit hospital | 0.0 | 0.6 | 10.3 | 88.8 | 0.3 | 1617 |
| Private hospital | 1.2 | 1.2 | 12.2 | 84.8 | 0.6 | 343 |
| Military hospital | 0.0 | 0.0 | 23.1 | 76.9 | 0.0 | 26 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 0.0 | 0.0 | 12.0 | 88.0 | 0.0 | 184 |
| No | 0.2 | 1.1 | 12.0 | 86.4 | 0.3 | 2283 |
| Size of facility | ||||||
| 1-249 | 0.2 | 1.4 | 12.6 | 85.7 | 0.2 | 587 |
| 250-499 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 13.5 | 84.5 | 0.9 | 466 |
| 500-999 | 0.4 | 1.6 | 11.9 | 85.8 | 0.4 | 571 |
| 1000-1999 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 8.5 | 90.7 | 0.0 | 516 |
| 2000-4999 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 10.9 | 88.0 | 0.5 | 433 |
| 5000 or more | 0.0 | 0.0 | 11.7 | 88.3 | 0.0 | 60 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 0.3 | 1.2 | 11.4 | 86.7 | 0.4 | 1143 |
| Level2 special care | 0.2 | 0.7 | 12.5 | 86.2 | 0.4 | 842 |
| Level 3 NICU | 0.2 | 0.9 | 9.6 | 89.3 | 0.0 | 560 |
| Level 4 Regional NICU | 0.0 | 1.1 | 15.9 | 81.8 | 1.1 | 88 |
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 0.0 | 0.8 | 8.2 | 90.4 | 0.6 | 353 |
| Mountain | 0.8 | 1.2 | 13.3 | 83.8 | 0.8 | 241 |
| West North Central | 0.0 | 1.1 | 15.7 | 82.9 | 0.3 | 356 |
| East North Central | 0.0 | 0.5 | 13.6 | 85.9 | 0.0 | 426 |
| West South Central | 0.6 | 1.5 | 14.2 | 83.7 | 0.0 | 332 |
| East South Central | 0.6 | 1.7 | 9.2 | 87.9 | 0.6 | 173 |
| New England | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.1 | 96.9 | 0.0 | 127 |
| Middle Atlantic | 0.0 | 0.0 | 8.6 | 91.0 | 0.4 | 233 |
| South Atlantic | 0.3 | 1.5 | 10.5 | 87.2 | 0.5 | 392 |
| Table 3.4a: Education on limitation to time suckling by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) -- 2013 | ||||||
| How often are breastfeeding patients instructed to limit suckling at the breast to a specific length of time | ||||||
| Rarely | Sometimes | Often | Almost always | Not sure | N | |
| All | 54.5 | 19.2 | 12.0 | 10.9 | 3.3 | 2627 |
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Birth center | 75.9 | 5.4 | 4.8 | 7.8 | 6.0 | 166 |
| Government hospital | 43.1 | 21.5 | 15.6 | 15.4 | 4.4 | 480 |
| Non-profit hospital | 57.7 | 19.5 | 10.9 | 9.2 | 2.8 | 1612 |
| Private hospital | 45.2 | 20.7 | 16.3 | 15.2 | 2.6 | 343 |
| Military hospital | 53.8 | 30.8 | 7.7 | 0.0 | 7.7 | 26 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 66.1 | 19.7 | 8.7 | 3.8 | 1.6 | 183 |
| No | 52.0 | 20.2 | 12.8 | 11.7 | 3.2 | 2278 |
| Size of facility | ||||||
| 1-249 | 49.1 | 14.8 | 14.8 | 16.5 | 4.8 | 587 |
| 250-499 | 52.6 | 20.0 | 14.4 | 10.6 | 2.4 | 464 |
| 500-999 | 55.9 | 19.2 | 11.8 | 9.5 | 3.7 | 569 |
| 1000-1999 | 56.5 | 23.1 | 8.5 | 9.7 | 2.1 | 515 |
| 2000-4999 | 60.2 | 19.0 | 10.4 | 7.9 | 2.5 | 432 |
| 5000 or more | 51.7 | 25.0 | 10.0 | 5.0 | 8.3 | 60 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 52.8 | 16.1 | 14.5 | 12.8 | 3.9 | 1141 |
| Level 2 special care | 54.0 | 22.0 | 11.3 | 9.9 | 2.7 | 840 |
| Level 3 NICU | 57.2 | 20.6 | 9.3 | 9.5 | 3.4 | 558 |
| Level 4 Regional NICU | 64.8 | 23.9 | 4.5 | 5.7 | 1.1 | 88 |
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 60.6 | 18.7 | 7.6 | 9.9 | 3.1 | 353 |
| Mountain | 48.1 | 19.1 | 16.6 | 12.9 | 3.3 | 241 |
| West North Central | 49.6 | 22.8 | 15.5 | 8.5 | 3.7 | 355 |
| East North Central | 55.0 | 23.8 | 8.7 | 8.5 | 4.0 | 424 |
| West South Central | 44.2 | 17.6 | 18.5 | 16.1 | 3.6 | 330 |
| East South Central | 43.4 | 19.7 | 13.9 | 16.8 | 6.4 | 173 |
| New England | 81.1 | 10.2 | 3.1 | 5.5 | 0.0 | 127 |
| Middle Atlantic | 66.5 | 15.0 | 8.6 | 7.7 | 2.1 | 233 |
| South Atlantic | 54.7 | 18.2 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 2.6 | 391 |
| Table 3.5a: Directly observed breastfeeding assessments by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) -- 2013 | ||||||
| How many breastfeeding patients receive a directly observed breastfeeding assessment | ||||||
| Few | Some | Many | Most | Not sure | N | |
| All | 0.2 | 1.5 | 11.6 | 86.6 | 0.1 | 2632 |
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Birth center | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.8 | 98.2 | 0.0 | 166 |
| Government hospital | 0.0 | 3.1 | 13.9 | 83.0 | 0.0 | 481 |
| Non-profit hospital | 0.3 | 1.1 | 11.0 | 87.5 | 0.1 | 1616 |
| Private hospital | 0.3 | 2.0 | 15.2 | 82.5 | 0.0 | 343 |
| Military hospital | 0.0 | 0.0 | 23.1 | 76.9 | 0.0 | 26 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 0.0 | 1.6 | 7.6 | 90.8 | 0.0 | 184 |
| No | 0.3 | 1.6 | 12.6 | 85.4 | 0.1 | 2282 |
| Size of facility | ||||||
| 1-249 | 0.2 | 1.9 | 9.7 | 88.2 | 0.0 | 586 |
| 250-499 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 12.2 | 86.5 | 0.0 | 466 |
| 500-999 | 0.2 | 2.1 | 12.8 | 84.6 | 0.4 | 571 |
| 1000-1999 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 11.6 | 87.0 | 0.0 | 516 |
| 2000-4999 | 0.0 | 1.4 | 12.0 | 86.6 | 0.0 | 433 |
| 5000 or more | 0.0 | 3.3 | 10.0 | 86.7 | 0.0 | 60 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 0.5 | 1.4 | 10.2 | 87.7 | 0.2 | 1142 |
| Level 2 special care | 0.0 | 1.7 | 11.8 | 86.6 | 0.0 | 842 |
| Level 3 NICU | 0.0 | 1.8 | 14.1 | 84.1 | 0.0 | 560 |
| Level 4 Regional NICU | 0.0 | 0.0 | 11.4 | 88.6 | 0.0 | 88 |
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 0.3 | 0.8 | 9.1 | 89.8 | 0.0 | 353 |
| Mountain | 0.0 | 2.1 | 10.0 | 87.4 | 0.4 | 239 |
| West North Central | 0.3 | 0.8 | 14.3 | 84.6 | 0.0 | 357 |
| East North Central | 0.0 | 1.2 | 12.9 | 85.9 | 0.0 | 426 |
| West South Central | 0.9 | 3.0 | 17.8 | 78.3 | 0.0 | 332 |
| East South Central | 0.6 | 2.3 | 12.7 | 84.4 | 0.0 | 173 |
| New England | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 99.2 | 0.0 | 127 |
| Middle Atlantic | 0.0 | 1.3 | 8.2 | 90.1 | 0.4 | 233 |
| South Atlantic | 0.0 | 1.8 | 10.7 | 87.5 | 0.0 | 392 |
| Table 3.6a: Use of a standardized breastfeeding assessment tool by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) -- 2013 | ||||||
| Is breastfeeding assessed using a standardized or adapted assessment tool | ||||||
| Yes | No | N | ||||
| All | 71.4 | 28.6 | 2631 | |||
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Birth center | 30.7 | 69.3 | 166 | |||
| Government hospital | 62.8 | 37.2 | 481 | |||
| Non-profit hospital | 76.7 | 23.3 | 1615 | |||
| Private hospital | 77.6 | 22.4 | 343 | |||
| Military hospital | 84.6 | 15.4 | 26 | |||
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 86.4 | 13.6 | 184 | |||
| No | 73.2 | 26.8 | 2281 | |||
| Size of facility | ||||||
| 1-249 | 50.9 | 49.1 | 585 | |||
| 250-499 | 64.8 | 35.2 | 466 | |||
| 500-999 | 75.5 | 24.5 | 571 | |||
| 1000-1999 | 82.9 | 17.1 | 516 | |||
| 2000-4999 | 85.7 | 14.3 | 433 | |||
| 5000or more | 81.7 | 18.3 | 60 | |||
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 60.5 | 39.5 | 1141 | |||
| Level 2 special care | 77.1 | 22.9 | 842 | |||
| Level 3 NICU | 81.8 | 18.2 | 560 | |||
| Level 4 Regional NICU | 93.2 | 6.8 | 88 | |||
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 84.7 | 15.3 | 353 | |||
| Mountain | 76.5 | 23.5 | 238 | |||
| West North Central | 66.7 | 33.3 | 357 | |||
| East North Central | 72.5 | 27.5 | 426 | |||
| West South Central | 66.3 | 33.7 | 332 | |||
| East South Central | 57.2 | 42.8 | 173 | |||
| New England | 74.0 | 26.0 | 127 | |||
| Middle Atlantic | 73.8 | 26.2 | 233 | |||
| South Atlantic | 67.9 | 32.1 | 392 | |||
| Table 3.7a: Provision of pacifiers by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) -- 2013 | ||||||
| How many breastfed infants are given pacifiers by facility staff | ||||||
| Few | Some | Many | Most | Not sure | N | |
| All | 44.6 | 27.1 | 21.6 | 5.8 | 1.0 | 2628 |
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Birth center | 97.0 | 1.8 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 166 |
| Government hospital | 36.5 | 27.7 | 24.8 | 9.6 | 1.5 | 480 |
| Non-profit hospital | 44.1 | 28.3 | 21.9 | 4.8 | 0.9 | 1614 |
| Private hospital | 31.9 | 32.7 | 26.0 | 8.2 | 1.2 | 342 |
| Military hospital | 57.7 | 26.9 | 15.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 26 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 48.6 | 31.1 | 15.8 | 3.3 | 1.1 | 183 |
| No | 40.5 | 28.6 | 23.6 | 6.4 | 1.0 | 2279 |
| Size of facility | ||||||
| 1-249 | 51.7 | 22.2 | 18.1 | 6.8 | 1.2 | 586 |
| 250-499 | 38.2 | 24.7 | 30.7 | 6.0 | 0.4 | 466 |
| 500-999 | 41.2 | 28.7 | 21.5 | 7.4 | 1.2 | 568 |
| 1000-1999 | 43.4 | 29.7 | 21.1 | 5.0 | 0.8 | 516 |
| 2000-4999 | 46.5 | 31.0 | 18.1 | 3.5 | 0.9 | 432 |
| 5000 or more | 53.3 | 28.3 | 15.0 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 60 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 47.0 | 22.8 | 22.9 | 6.2 | 1.1 | 1142 |
| Level 2 special care | 40.2 | 30.0 | 22.9 | 6.4 | 0.5 | 840 |
| Level 3 NICU | 44.4 | 31.2 | 18.1 | 4.8 | 1.4 | 558 |
| Level 4 Regional NICU | 55.7 | 29.5 | 14.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 88 |
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 63.1 | 22.4 | 12.2 | 1.7 | 0.6 | 352 |
| Mountain | 43.3 | 28.3 | 20.4 | 6.3 | 1.7 | 240 |
| West North Central | 32.6 | 32.0 | 25.3 | 9.0 | 1.1 | 356 |
| East North Central | 40.2 | 31.1 | 22.4 | 5.2 | 1.2 | 425 |
| West South Central | 42.7 | 23.9 | 25.5 | 7.0 | 0.9 | 330 |
| East South Central | 26.0 | 30.1 | 31.8 | 11.0 | 1.2 | 173 |
| New England | 65.4 | 19.7 | 11.8 | 3.1 | 0.0 | 127 |
| Middle Atlantic | 46.8 | 27.5 | 19.7 | 5.2 | 0.9 | 233 |
| South Atlantic | 46.2 | 25.3 | 23.0 | 4.8 | 0.8 | 392 |