| 1.1a: Skin-to-skin contact among vaginal births by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2011 | ||||||
| How many patients experience mother-infant skin-to-skin contact or at least 30 minutes within 1 hour of uncomplicated vaginal birth | ||||||
| Few | Some | Many | Most | Not sure | N | |
| All | 7.3 | 15.5 | 22.3 | 54.4 | 0.4 | 2727 |
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Birth center | 0.7 | 0.7 | 2.1 | 95.8 | 0.7 | 142 |
| Government hospital | 10.3 | 19.5 | 22.9 | 46.8 | 0.6 | 524 |
| Non-profit hospital | 6.6 | 15.7 | 23.7 | 53.8 | 0.3 | 1698 |
| Private hospital | 9.3 | 15.9 | 22.0 | 52.5 | 0.3 | 345 |
| Military hospital | 5.6 | 0.0 | 44.4 | 50.0 | 0.0 | 18 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 6.3 | 13.6 | 30.1 | 49.0 | 1.0 | 206 |
| No | 7.8 | 16.6 | 22.9 | 52.4 | 0.3 | 2379 |
| Size of facility | ||||||
| 1-249 | 7.9 | 14.4 | 19.0 | 58.2 | 0.5 | 605 |
| 250-499 | 9.5 | 19.6 | 20.3 | 50.0 | 0.6 | 474 |
| 500-999 | 8.3 | 17.5 | 23.1 | 51.0 | 0.2 | 567 |
| 1000-1999 | 7.3 | 14.3 | 23.0 | 55.3 | 0.2 | 561 |
| 2000-4999 | 3.9 | 13.0 | 27.3 | 55.3 | 0.4 | 461 |
| 5000 or more | 1.7 | 8.5 | 20.3 | 69.5 | 0.0 | 59 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 8.3 | 15.8 | 19.6 | 55.6 | 0.7 | 1066 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 8.0 | 17.1 | 23.2 | 51.5 | 0.2 | 1062 |
| Level 3 NICU | 4.3 | 12.4 | 25.7 | 57.4 | 0.2 | 599 |
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 1.1 | 5.2 | 17.4 | 76.1 | 0.3 | 368 |
| Mountain | 4.9 | 12.2 | 20.4 | 62.4 | 0.0 | 245 |
| West North Central | 8.5 | 19.6 | 23.7 | 48.2 | 0.0 | 363 |
| East North Central | 7.4 | 19.9 | 25.8 | 46.9 | 0.0 | 458 |
| West South Central | 10.8 | 15.7 | 24.7 | 48.0 | 0.9 | 344 |
| East South Central | 15.0 | 24.3 | 19.7 | 41.0 | 0.0 | 173 |
| New England | 2.3 | 6.0 | 13.5 | 77.4 | 0.8 | 133 |
| Middle Atlantic | 6.2 | 12.8 | 30.0 | 50.2 | 0.8 | 243 |
| South Atlantic | 9.5 | 19.5 | 20.3 | 50.0 | 0.8 | 400 |
| Table 1.2a: Skin-to-skin contact among Cesarean births by hospital type, size, NICU level, and region* | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2011 | ||||||
| How many patients experience mother-infant skin-to-skin contact for at least 30 minutes within 2 hours of uncomplicated Cesarean birth | ||||||
| Few | Some | Many | Most | Not sure | N | |
| All | 18.3 | 18.8 | 19.9 | 42.8 | 0.2 | 2546 |
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Government hospital | 22.1 | 22.1 | 17.0 | 38.9 | 0.0 | 512 |
| Non-profit hospital | 15.6 | 17.9 | 21.0 | 45.1 | 0.3 | 1677 |
| Private hospital | 26.2 | 17.4 | 18.8 | 37.4 | 0.3 | 340 |
| Military hospital | 5.9 | 35.3 | 23.5 | 35.3 | 0.0 | 17 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 18.7 | 26.6 | 19.2 | 35.0 | 0.5 | 203 |
| No | 18.2 | 18.1 | 20.0 | 43.4 | 0.2 | 2343 |
| Size of facility | ||||||
| 1-249 | 18.6 | 15.5 | 20.8 | 45.1 | 0.0 | 457 |
| 250-499 | 21.6 | 18.3 | 18.1 | 41.7 | 0.2 | 458 |
| 500-999 | 18.2 | 20.9 | 18.2 | 42.4 | 0.2 | 559 |
| 1000-1999 | 17.1 | 18.5 | 20.1 | 44.0 | 0.4 | 557 |
| 2000-4999 | 16.9 | 20.7 | 22.4 | 39.6 | 0.4 | 455 |
| 5000 or more | 11.7 | 16.7 | 21.7 | 50.0 | 0.0 | 60 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 20.7 | 17.2 | 19.9 | 42.1 | 0.1 | 900 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 18.1 | 18.9 | 18.6 | 44.1 | 0.3 | 1054 |
| Level 3 NICU | 14.9 | 21.1 | 22.3 | 41.4 | 0.3 | 592 |
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 10.9 | 13.3 | 19.9 | 55.9 | 0.0 | 331 |
| Mountain | 10.0 | 19.0 | 19.0 | 52.0 | 0.0 | 221 |
| West North Central | 15.1 | 20.3 | 20.0 | 44.3 | 0.3 | 350 |
| East North Central | 18.0 | 21.2 | 19.8 | 41.0 | 0.0 | 444 |
| West South Central | 28.4 | 17.1 | 15.5 | 38.7 | 0.3 | 310 |
| East South Central | 31.1 | 20.7 | 19.5 | 28.7 | 0.0 | 164 |
| New England | 6.5 | 8.9 | 16.9 | 67.7 | 0.0 | 124 |
| Middle Atlantic | 18.4 | 20.1 | 26.9 | 34.2 | 0.4 | 234 |
| South Atlantic | 22.8 | 22.6 | 20.9 | 32.9 | 0.8 | 368 |
| *Note: Facilities not performing Cesareans are not included in these tabulations. | ||||||
| Table 1.3a: Early breastfeeding initiation among vaginal births by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2011 | |||||
| What percent of healthy breastfed infants are put to the breast within 1 hour of uncomplicated vaginal birth | |||||
| <10% | 10-49% | 50-89% | 90% or more | N | |
| All | 2.7 | 9.0 | 31.8 | 56.5 | 2694 |
| Type of facility | |||||
| Birth center | 1.4 | 0.7 | 2.1 | 95.8 | 142 |
| Government hospital | 5.0 | 10.4 | 33.9 | 50.7 | 519 |
| Non-profit hospital | 1.9 | 8.7 | 33.1 | 56.3 | 1675 |
| Private hospital | 3.8 | 11.1 | 34.0 | 51.0 | 341 |
| Military hospital | 0.0 | 17.6 | 41.2 | 41.2 | 17 |
| Teaching hospital | |||||
| Yes | 2.9 | 11.3 | 43.6 | 42.2 | 204 |
| No | 2.7 | 9.3 | 32.6 | 55.4 | 2348 |
| Size of facility | |||||
| 1-249 | 3.2 | 8.4 | 22.4 | 66.1 | 598 |
| 250-499 | 4.5 | 6.6 | 28.7 | 60.2 | 470 |
| 500-999 | 2.3 | 11.3 | 31.8 | 54.6 | 560 |
| 1000-1999 | 2.3 | 7.7 | 36.8 | 53.2 | 555 |
| 2000-4999 | 0.9 | 10.6 | 39.6 | 48.9 | 452 |
| 5000 or more | 3.4 | 11.9 | 45.8 | 39.0 | 59 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | |||||
| Healthy newborn only | 3.0 | 8.5 | 25.7 | 62.7 | 1054 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 2.9 | 9.9 | 33.5 | 53.8 | 1052 |
| Level 3 NICU | 1.7 | 8.2 | 39.8 | 50.3 | 588 |
| Census region | |||||
| Pacific | 1.4 | 7.3 | 27.2 | 64.1 | 368 |
| Mountain | 3.3 | 7.8 | 26.1 | 62.9 | 245 |
| West North Central | 1.7 | 8.4 | 33.1 | 56.9 | 357 |
| East North Central | 2.0 | 9.1 | 30.6 | 58.3 | 451 |
| West South Central | 5.8 | 9.4 | 35.1 | 49.7 | 342 |
| East South Central | 4.1 | 14.1 | 35.3 | 46.5 | 170 |
| New England | 1.5 | 3.0 | 21.2 | 74.2 | 132 |
| Middle Atlantic | 1.3 | 6.0 | 41.7 | 51.1 | 235 |
| South Atlantic | 3.0 | 12.9 | 33.2 | 50.8 | 394 |
| Table 1.4a: Early breastfeeding initiation among Cesarean births by hospital type, size, NICU level, and region* | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2011 | |||||
| What percent of healthy breastfed infants are put to the breast within 2 hours of uncomplicated Cesarean birth | |||||
| <10% | 10-49% | 50-89% | 90% or more | N | |
| All | 8.0 | 12.5 | 29.0 | 50.5 | 2536 |
| Type of facility | |||||
| Government hospital | 11.1 | 16.2 | 25.8 | 46.9 | 512 |
| Non-profit hospital | 6.4 | 10.5 | 29.5 | 53.6 | 1670 |
| Private hospital | 11.9 | 15.7 | 31.5 | 40.9 | 337 |
| Military hospital | 0.0 | 23.5 | 35.3 | 41.2 | 17 |
| Teaching hospital | |||||
| Yes | 14.7 | 17.6 | 29.4 | 38.2 | 204 |
| No | 7.5 | 12.0 | 29.0 | 51.5 | 2332 |
| Size of facility | |||||
| 1-249 | 5.9 | 9.4 | 27.4 | 57.3 | 457 |
| 250-499 | 8.6 | 10.3 | 28.3 | 52.9 | 456 |
| 500-999 | 7.7 | 13.1 | 27.3 | 51.8 | 556 |
| 1000-1999 | 8.1 | 13.0 | 29.4 | 49.5 | 554 |
| 2000-4999 | 10.2 | 16.6 | 31.3 | 41.9 | 453 |
| 5000 or more | 6.7 | 10.0 | 41.7 | 41.7 | 60 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | |||||
| Healthy newborn only | 7.7 | 11.8 | 27.2 | 53.2 | 896 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 8.0 | 11.9 | 28.6 | 51.5 | 1051 |
| Level 3 NICU | 8.7 | 14.4 | 32.4 | 44.5 | 589 |
| Census region | |||||
| Pacific | 6.1 | 14.2 | 25.2 | 54.5 | 330 |
| Mountain | 5.9 | 10.0 | 29.9 | 54.3 | 221 |
| West North Central | 2.3 | 8.0 | 27.9 | 61.8 | 348 |
| East North Central | 5.4 | 10.2 | 28.2 | 56.2 | 443 |
| West South Central | 17.1 | 13.2 | 29.7 | 40.0 | 310 |
| East South Central | 11.7 | 18.5 | 32.7 | 37.0 | 162 |
| New England | 2.4 | 4.0 | 23.2 | 70.4 | 125 |
| Middle Atlantic | 12.9 | 13.4 | 31.9 | 41.8 | 232 |
| South Atlantic | 9.3 | 18.4 | 32.1 | 40.3 | 365 |
| *Note: Facilities not performing Cesareans are not included in these tabulations. | |||||
| Table 1.5a: Performance of routine procedures while skin-to-skin among vaginal births by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2011 | ||||||
| How often are routine infant procedures performed while mother & infant are skin-to-skin after uncomplicated vaginal birth | ||||||
| Rarely | Sometimes | Often | Almost always | Not sure | N | |
| All | 17.4 | 27.6 | 26.8 | 27.8 | 0.4 | 2725 |
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Birth center | 2.1 | 0.7 | 2.8 | 94.4 | 0.0 | 142 |
| Government hospital | 20.6 | 30.3 | 27.5 | 21.2 | 0.4 | 524 |
| Non-profit hospital | 16.4 | 27.9 | 29.4 | 25.9 | 0.4 | 1697 |
| Private hospital | 23.5 | 32.8 | 22.7 | 20.1 | 0.9 | 344 |
| Military hospital | 16.7 | 33.3 | 33.3 | 16.7 | 0.0 | 18 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 12.1 | 37.7 | 27.1 | 23.2 | 0.0 | 207 |
| No | 18.7 | 28.4 | 28.2 | 24.2 | 0.5 | 2376 |
| Size of facility | ||||||
| 1-249 | 16.1 | 23.9 | 20.9 | 38.5 | 0.7 | 603 |
| 250-499 | 18.8 | 29.8 | 24.9 | 26.0 | 0.4 | 473 |
| 500-999 | 21.0 | 25.7 | 31.0 | 22.0 | 0.2 | 567 |
| 1000-1999 | 18.0 | 29.2 | 27.8 | 24.7 | 0.4 | 562 |
| 2000-4999 | 13.9 | 29.6 | 30.5 | 25.5 | 0.4 | 459 |
| 5000 or more | 4.9 | 36.1 | 24.6 | 34.4 | 0.0 | 61 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 15.8 | 26.0 | 25.3 | 32.5 | 0.5 | 1065 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 21.3 | 26.7 | 28.4 | 23.2 | 0.5 | 1061 |
| Level 3 NICU | 13.2 | 32.2 | 26.9 | 27.5 | 0.2 | 599 |
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 7.8 | 14.6 | 28.1 | 48.9 | 0.5 | 370 |
| Mountain | 13.5 | 26.2 | 29.9 | 30.3 | 0.0 | 244 |
| West North Central | 17.8 | 30.3 | 27.8 | 23.6 | 0.6 | 360 |
| East North Central | 15.5 | 31.2 | 30.7 | 22.4 | 0.2 | 459 |
| West South Central | 27.7 | 28.9 | 20.7 | 22.2 | 0.6 | 343 |
| East South Central | 26.0 | 35.3 | 22.0 | 16.2 | 0.6 | 173 |
| New England | 3.0 | 17.3 | 31.6 | 48.1 | 0.0 | 133 |
| Middle Atlantic | 18.9 | 29.1 | 26.2 | 25.0 | 0.8 | 244 |
| South Atlantic | 21.6 | 32.3 | 24.6 | 21.3 | 0.3 | 399 |