| Table 3.1a: Documentation of infant feeding decisions by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2009 | ||||||
| How often infant feeding decisions are documented in medical records | ||||||
| Rarely | Sometimes | Often | Almost always | Not sure | N | |
| All | 0.2 | 0.4 | 1.6 | 97.7 | 0.1 | 2658 |
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Birth center | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 97.4 | 0.9 | 117 |
| Government hospital | 0.2 | 0.6 | 3.4 | 95.8 | 0.0 | 523 |
| Non-profit hospital | 0.2 | 0.2 | 1.2 | 98.3 | 0.1 | 1667 |
| Private hospital | 0.0 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 98.2 | 0.0 | 329 |
| Military hospital | 0.0 | 0.0 | 4.8 | 95.2 | 0.0 | 21 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 0.6 | 0.0 | 1.1 | 98.3 | 0.0 | 176 |
| No | 0.1 | 0.4 | 1.7 | 97.7 | 0.1 | 2364 |
| Size of facility | ||||||
| 0-249 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 1.7 | 96.9 | 0.2 | 589 |
| 250-499 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 1.5 | 98.2 | 0.0 | 455 |
| 500-999 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.6 | 98.4 | 0.0 | 553 |
| 1000-1999 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 1.7 | 97.3 | 0.2 | 526 |
| 2000-4999 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 1.3 | 97.8 | 0.2 | 462 |
| 5000 or more | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.6 | 98.4 | 0.0 | 63 |
| Unknown | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 10 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 0.4 | 0.6 | 1.6 | 97.4 | 0.1 | 1082 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 0.0 | 0.3 | 1.5 | 98.1 | 0.1 | 1021 |
| Level 3 NICU | 0.2 | 0.2 | 1.8 | 97.7 | 0.2 | 555 |
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 0.0 | 0.8 | 3.4 | 95.5 | 0.3 | 353 |
| Mountain | 0.5 | 0.9 | 4.1 | 94.6 | 0.0 | 221 |
| West North Central | 0.6 | 0.6 | 1.4 | 97.5 | 0.0 | 362 |
| East North Central | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 99.6 | 0.0 | 451 |
| West South Central | 0.3 | 0.6 | 1.9 | 96.9 | 0.3 | 323 |
| East South Central | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 99.4 | 0.0 | 175 |
| New England | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 134 |
| Middle Atlantic | 0.4 | 0.0 | 1.2 | 97.9 | 0.4 | 241 |
| South Atlantic | 0.0 | 0.3 | 1.0 | 98.7 | 0.0 | 398 |
| Table 3.2a: Provision of advice & instructions for breastfeeding patients by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2009 | ||||||
| How many breastfeeding patients are provided advice & instructions about breastfeeding | ||||||
| Few | Some | Many | Most | Not sure | N | |
| All | 0.2 | 1.1 | 9.5 | 89.1 | 0.1 | 2654 |
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Birth center | 0.0 | 0.8 | 5.1 | 94.1 | 0.0 | 118 |
| Government hospital | 0.0 | 2.1 | 13.7 | 84.2 | 0.0 | 519 |
| Non-profit hospital | 0.2 | 0.6 | 8.6 | 90.6 | 0.1 | 1666 |
| Private hospital | 0.3 | 1.5 | 9.4 | 88.4 | 0.3 | 329 |
| Military hospital | 0.0 | 9.5 | 9.5 | 81.0 | 0.0 | 21 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 0.0 | 0.0 | 6.2 | 93.8 | 0.0 | 177 |
| No | 0.2 | 1.2 | 10.0 | 88.5 | 0.1 | 2358 |
| Size of facility | ||||||
| 0-249 | 0.3 | 1.9 | 12.3 | 85.5 | 0.0 | 587 |
| 250-499 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 9.5 | 89.4 | 0.2 | 452 |
| 500-999 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 10.3 | 88.8 | 0.2 | 554 |
| 1000-1999 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 7.6 | 91.4 | 0.0 | 526 |
| 2000-4999 | 0.2 | 1.3 | 7.6 | 90.9 | 0.0 | 462 |
| 5000 or more | 0.0 | 0.0 | 9.5 | 90.5 | 0.0 | 63 |
| Unknown | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 10 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 0.2 | 1.6 | 10.7 | 87.5 | 0.0 | 1081 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 0.0 | 0.6 | 9.5 | 89.7 | 0.2 | 1018 |
| Level 3 NICU | 0.4 | 1.1 | 7.2 | 91.4 | 0.0 | 555 |
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 0.0 | 1.1 | 9.1 | 89.8 | 0.0 | 352 |
| Mountain | 0.0 | 1.8 | 14.9 | 83.3 | 0.0 | 222 |
| West North Central | 0.0 | 1.4 | 10.9 | 87.7 | 0.0 | 358 |
| East North Central | 0.0 | 0.7 | 7.6 | 91.5 | 0.2 | 448 |
| West South Central | 0.3 | 2.8 | 11.4 | 85.5 | 0.0 | 325 |
| East South Central | 0.0 | 0.6 | 10.3 | 89.1 | 0.0 | 175 |
| New England | 0.0 | 0.0 | 4.5 | 95.5 | 0.0 | 134 |
| Middle Atlantic | 0.8 | 0.0 | 7.0 | 92.1 | 0.0 | 242 |
| South Atlantic | 0.3 | 0.8 | 9.3 | 89.4 | 0.3 | 398 |
| Table 3.3a: Education on infant cues to feed by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2009 | ||||||
| How many patients are taught to recognize & respond to infant cues rather than feeding on a set schedule | ||||||
| Few | Some | Many | Most | Not sure | N | |
| All | 0.2 | 2.2 | 15.4 | 81.9 | 0.3 | 2651 |
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Birth center | 0.0 | 0.8 | 8.5 | 90.7 | 0.0 | 118 |
| Government hospital | 0.4 | 4.4 | 20.6 | 73.8 | 0.8 | 519 |
| Non-profit hospital | 0.1 | 1.2 | 14.7 | 83.8 | 0.2 | 1664 |
| Private hospital | 0.3 | 3.7 | 13.1 | 82.3 | 0.6 | 328 |
| Military hospital | 0.0 | 4.8 | 19.0 | 76.2 | 0.0 | 21 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 0.0 | 1.7 | 13.6 | 84.2 | 0.6 | 177 |
| No | 0.2 | 2.3 | 15.9 | 81.3 | 0.3 | 2355 |
| Size of facility | ||||||
| 0-249 | 0.5 | 3.6 | 17.7 | 77.7 | 0.5 | 588 |
| 250-499 | 0.0 | 1.5 | 14.8 | 83.2 | 0.4 | 452 |
| 500-999 | 0.0 | 2.7 | 17.2 | 79.7 | 0.4 | 553 |
| 1000-1999 | 0.2 | 1.1 | 12.0 | 86.5 | 0.2 | 525 |
| 2000-4999 | 0.2 | 1.5 | 14.8 | 83.3 | 0.2 | 460 |
| 5000 or more | 0.0 | 1.6 | 15.9 | 82.5 | 0.0 | 63 |
| Unknown | 0.0 | 0.0 | 20.0 | 80.0 | 0.0 | 10 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 0.3 | 2.8 | 16.9 | 79.5 | 0.6 | 1081 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 0.1 | 2.1 | 14.3 | 83.4 | 0.2 | 1017 |
| Level 3 NICU | 0.2 | 1.1 | 14.6 | 83.9 | 0.2 | 553 |
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 0.3 | 2.6 | 15.3 | 81.8 | 0.0 | 352 |
| Mountain | 0.5 | 3.2 | 18.6 | 77.8 | 0.0 | 221 |
| West North Central | 0.0 | 1.9 | 20.6 | 77.2 | 0.3 | 359 |
| East North Central | 0.0 | 1.1 | 13.4 | 85.3 | 0.2 | 448 |
| West South Central | 0.6 | 3.4 | 17.6 | 77.8 | 0.6 | 324 |
| East South Central | 0.0 | 5.2 | 14.9 | 78.2 | 1.7 | 174 |
| New England | 0.0 | 0.7 | 4.5 | 94.8 | 0.0 | 134 |
| Middle Atlantic | 0.4 | 0.8 | 13.2 | 85.5 | 0.0 | 242 |
| South Atlantic | 0.0 | 1.5 | 14.9 | 83.1 | 0.5 | 397 |
| Table 3.4a: Education on limitation to time suckling by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2009 | ||||||
| How often are breastfeeding patients instructed to limit suckling at the breast to a specific length of time | ||||||
| Rarely | Sometimes | Often | Almost always | Not sure | N | |
| All | 42.5 | 25.1 | 15.8 | 14.9 | 1.7 | 2645 |
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Birth center | 72.0 | 13.6 | 2.5 | 11.0 | 0.8 | 118 |
| Government hospital | 33.2 | 27.2 | 20.1 | 18.1 | 1.4 | 518 |
| Non-profit hospital | 45.7 | 25.4 | 14.4 | 12.5 | 2.0 | 1660 |
| Private hospital | 31.2 | 24.2 | 20.5 | 23.5 | 0.6 | 327 |
| Military hospital | 28.6 | 38.1 | 23.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 21 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 50.3 | 27.7 | 11.9 | 8.5 | 1.7 | 177 |
| No | 40.4 | 25.5 | 16.8 | 15.5 | 1.7 | 2349 |
| Size of facility | ||||||
| 0-249 | 37.6 | 24.4 | 14.7 | 21.7 | 1.5 | 585 |
| 250-499 | 41.2 | 24.6 | 18.6 | 13.7 | 1.8 | 451 |
| 500-999 | 42.0 | 26.1 | 14.3 | 16.1 | 1.4 | 552 |
| 1000-1999 | 47.0 | 23.4 | 17.9 | 10.3 | 1.3 | 525 |
| 2000-4999 | 43.8 | 27.0 | 14.4 | 12.2 | 2.6 | 459 |
| 5000 or more | 49.2 | 28.6 | 14.3 | 6.3 | 1.6 | 63 |
| Unknown | 70.0 | 20.0 | 0.0 | 10.0 | 0.0 | 10 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 40.5 | 23.8 | 15.5 | 18.1 | 2.0 | 1078 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 41.8 | 26.3 | 17.2 | 13.4 | 1.3 | 1015 |
| Level 3 NICU | 47.6 | 25.5 | 13.8 | 11.2 | 1.8 | 552 |
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 55.4 | 20.7 | 13.4 | 8.8 | 1.7 | 352 |
| Mountain | 33.6 | 25.9 | 20.0 | 16.8 | 3.6 | 220 |
| West North Central | 33.1 | 33.1 | 15.4 | 16.0 | 2.5 | 357 |
| East North Central | 49.2 | 26.6 | 11.2 | 11.9 | 1.1 | 447 |
| West South Central | 29.9 | 25.6 | 21.0 | 22.8 | 0.6 | 324 |
| East South Central | 32.9 | 20.8 | 17.9 | 26.6 | 1.7 | 173 |
| New England | 65.4 | 19.5 | 9.0 | 5.3 | 0.8 | 133 |
| Middle Atlantic | 47.5 | 24.4 | 16.9 | 10.3 | 0.8 | 242 |
| South Atlantic | 40.6 | 23.7 | 17.6 | 15.9 | 2.3 | 397 |
| Table 3.5a: Directly observed breastfeeding assessments by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2009 | ||||||
| How many breastfeeding patients receive a directly observed breastfeeding assessment | ||||||
| Few | Some | Many | Most | Not sure | N | |
| All | 0.3 | 2.6 | 14.4 | 82.7 | 0.1 | 2654 |
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Birth center | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.7 | 98.3 | 0.0 | 118 |
| Government hospital | 0.8 | 3.5 | 20.5 | 74.9 | 0.4 | 521 |
| Non-profit hospital | 0.1 | 2.2 | 13.3 | 84.4 | 0.0 | 1664 |
| Private hospital | 0.3 | 3.6 | 14.3 | 81.8 | 0.0 | 329 |
| Military hospital | 0.0 | 9.5 | 14.3 | 76.2 | 0.0 | 21 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 0.0 | 4.5 | 16.4 | 78.0 | 1.1 | 177 |
| No | 0.3 | 2.5 | 14.8 | 82.3 | 0.0 | 2358 |
| Size of facility | ||||||
| 0-249 | 0.7 | 2.0 | 14.3 | 83.0 | 0.0 | 589 |
| 250-499 | 0.2 | 2.0 | 14.5 | 83.3 | 0.0 | 455 |
| 500-999 | 0.2 | 3.1 | 16.3 | 80.3 | 0.2 | 552 |
| 1000-1999 | 0.0 | 2.7 | 11.2 | 86.1 | 0.0 | 527 |
| 2000-4999 | 0.2 | 2.6 | 15.1 | 81.9 | 0.2 | 458 |
| 5000 or more | 0.0 | 6.3 | 19.0 | 74.6 | 0.0 | 63 |
| Unknown | 0.0 | 0.0 | 10.0 | 90.0 | 0.0 | 10 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 0.5 | 2.5 | 14.1 | 82.9 | 0.0 | 1083 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 0.1 | 2.0 | 13.9 | 84.0 | 0.0 | 1019 |
| Level 3 NICU | 0.2 | 3.8 | 15.6 | 80.1 | 0.4 | 552 |
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 0.0 | 1.1 | 9.7 | 89.2 | 0.0 | 351 |
| Mountain | 1.4 | 1.8 | 14.1 | 82.7 | 0.0 | 220 |
| West North Central | 0.0 | 2.2 | 15.5 | 82.3 | 0.0 | 361 |
| East North Central | 0.0 | 2.5 | 13.8 | 83.7 | 0.0 | 448 |
| West South Central | 0.6 | 4.9 | 20.9 | 73.2 | 0.3 | 325 |
| East South Central | 0.6 | 1.7 | 18.9 | 78.3 | 0.6 | 175 |
| New England | 0.0 | 0.7 | 6.7 | 92.5 | 0.0 | 134 |
| Middle Atlantic | 0.0 | 2.5 | 15.7 | 81.8 | 0.0 | 242 |
| South Atlantic | 0.3 | 3.8 | 12.6 | 83.4 | 0.0 | 398 |
| Table 3.6a: Use of a standardized breastfeeding assessment tool by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Is breastfeeding assessed using a standardized or adapted assessment tool | |||
| Yes | No | N | |
| All | 60.3 | 39.7 | 2634 |
| Type of facility | |||
| Birth center | 25.2 | 74.8 | 115 |
| Government hospital | 49.2 | 50.8 | 518 |
| Non-profit hospital | 66.6 | 33.4 | 1652 |
| Private hospital | 58.7 | 41.3 | 327 |
| Military hospital | 52.4 | 47.6 | 21 |
| Teaching hospital | |||
| Yes | 69.1 | 30.9 | 175 |
| No | 61.4 | 38.6 | 2343 |
| Size of facility | |||
| 0-249 | 39.6 | 60.4 | 586 |
| 250-499 | 54.8 | 45.2 | 451 |
| 500-999 | 61.2 | 38.8 | 546 |
| 1000-1999 | 70.1 | 29.9 | 521 |
| 2000-4999 | 77.9 | 22.1 | 457 |
| 5000 or more | 76.2 | 23.8 | 63 |
| Unknown | 60.0 | 40.0 | 10 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | |||
| Healthy newborn only | 48.2 | 51.8 | 1074 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 66.6 | 33.4 | 1009 |
| Level 3 NICU | 72.2 | 27.8 | 551 |
| Census region | |||
| Pacific | 75.9 | 24.1 | 348 |
| Mountain | 67.3 | 32.7 | 220 |
| West North Central | 56.4 | 43.6 | 360 |
| East North Central | 64.5 | 35.5 | 445 |
| West South Central | 47.5 | 52.5 | 324 |
| East South Central | 45.0 | 55.0 | 171 |
| New England | 68.4 | 31.6 | 133 |
| Middle Atlantic | 63.6 | 36.4 | 239 |
| South Atlantic | 53.8 | 46.2 | 394 |
| Table 3.7a: Provision of pacifiers by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2009 | ||||||
| How many breastfed infants are given pacifiers by facility staff | ||||||
| Few | Some | Many | Most | Not sure | N | |
| All | 30.2 | 28.5 | 29.3 | 11.0 | 1.1 | 2640 |
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Birth center | 93.2 | 2.5 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 0.8 | 118 |
| Government hospital | 26.6 | 28.2 | 32.0 | 12.5 | 0.6 | 518 |
| Non-profit hospital | 28.9 | 30.0 | 29.7 | 10.3 | 1.1 | 1656 |
| Private hospital | 18.1 | 31.0 | 33.4 | 15.6 | 1.8 | 326 |
| Military hospital | 47.6 | 23.8 | 23.8 | 4.8 | 0.0 | 21 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 39.2 | 29.5 | 23.3 | 8.0 | 0.0 | 176 |
| No | 26.3 | 29.7 | 31.2 | 11.7 | 1.2 | 2345 |
| Size of facility | ||||||
| 0-249 | 39.9 | 28.3 | 20.5 | 9.7 | 1.5 | 586 |
| 250-499 | 23.5 | 30.8 | 33.5 | 10.9 | 1.3 | 451 |
| 500-999 | 25.0 | 23.5 | 36.8 | 13.8 | 0.9 | 549 |
| 1000-1999 | 26.7 | 30.3 | 29.0 | 13.2 | 0.8 | 524 |
| 2000-4999 | 31.7 | 29.5 | 30.9 | 7.2 | 0.7 | 457 |
| 5000 or more | 41.3 | 38.1 | 11.1 | 7.9 | 1.6 | 63 |
| Unknown | 80.0 | 0.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 0.0 | 10 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 35.4 | 27.1 | 26.0 | 10.0 | 1.4 | 1076 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 22.9 | 28.7 | 34.7 | 12.8 | 0.9 | 1014 |
| Level 3 NICU | 33.3 | 30.7 | 25.8 | 9.5 | 0.7 | 550 |
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 47.3 | 28.6 | 18.7 | 4.5 | 0.8 | 353 |
| Mountain | 26.5 | 28.3 | 32.9 | 11.0 | 1.4 | 219 |
| West North Central | 18.5 | 36.4 | 32.5 | 10.4 | 2.2 | 357 |
| East North Central | 23.8 | 32.7 | 32.1 | 10.8 | 0.7 | 446 |
| West South Central | 27.6 | 24.2 | 28.0 | 19.6 | 0.6 | 322 |
| East South Central | 18.4 | 20.7 | 40.8 | 19.5 | 0.6 | 174 |
| New England | 52.3 | 25.8 | 18.2 | 3.0 | 0.8 | 132 |
| Middle Atlantic | 35.8 | 29.6 | 26.3 | 7.5 | 0.8 | 240 |
| South Atlantic | 31.0 | 23.7 | 32.5 | 11.6 | 1.3 | 397 |