| 1.1a: Skin-to-skin contact among vaginal births by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2009 | ||||||
| How many patients experience mother-infant skin-to-skin contact for at least 30 minutes within 1 hour of uncomplicated vaginal birth | ||||||
| Few | Some | Many | Most | Not sure | N | |
| All | 11.8 | 21.4 | 23.2 | 43.3 | 0.3 | 2656 |
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Birth center | 0.8 | 1.7 | 2.5 | 94.9 | 0.0 | 118 |
| Government hospital | 14.5 | 22.9 | 23.5 | 38.8 | 0.2 | 523 |
| Non-profit hospital | 11.0 | 22.4 | 23.5 | 42.6 | 0.4 | 1668 |
| Private hospital | 16.0 | 20.9 | 28.6 | 34.5 | 0.0 | 325 |
| Military hospital | 0.0 | 23.8 | 23.8 | 52.4 | 0.0 | 21 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 6.8 | 22.6 | 32.2 | 36.2 | 2.3 | 177 |
| No | 12.7 | 22.3 | 23.6 | 41.2 | 0.2 | 2360 |
| Size of facility | ||||||
| 0-249 | 12.2 | 18.3 | 19.0 | 50.3 | 0.3 | 591 |
| 250-499 | 13.4 | 20.9 | 22.9 | 42.6 | 0.2 | 455 |
| 500-999 | 12.5 | 25.6 | 24.0 | 37.8 | 0.0 | 550 |
| 1000-1999 | 12.5 | 22.8 | 23.8 | 40.5 | 0.4 | 526 |
| 2000-4999 | 9.3 | 18.4 | 26.5 | 45.3 | 0.4 | 461 |
| 5000 or more | 3.2 | 31.7 | 31.7 | 31.7 | 1.6 | 63 |
| Unknown | 0.0 | 0.0 | 10.0 | 90.0 | 0.0 | 10 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 12.1 | 21.0 | 19.7 | 47.0 | 0.3 | 1082 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 12.6 | 22.9 | 25.0 | 39.5 | 0.1 | 1018 |
| Level 3 NICU | 9.7 | 19.6 | 26.8 | 43.2 | 0.7 | 556 |
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 4.8 | 9.9 | 21.9 | 63.4 | 0.0 | 352 |
| Mountain | 8.1 | 22.0 | 22.4 | 47.5 | 0.0 | 223 |
| West North Central | 13.3 | 23.8 | 24.6 | 37.6 | 0.8 | 362 |
| East North Central | 12.2 | 26.7 | 23.6 | 37.3 | 0.2 | 450 |
| West South Central | 14.2 | 22.8 | 20.7 | 42.3 | 0.0 | 324 |
| East South Central | 25.3 | 24.7 | 22.4 | 27.6 | 0.0 | 174 |
| New England | 3.7 | 9.0 | 27.6 | 59.7 | 0.0 | 134 |
| Middle Atlantic | 9.2 | 23.8 | 28.8 | 37.5 | 0.8 | 240 |
| South Atlantic | 14.6 | 23.4 | 20.7 | 40.8 | 0.5 | 397 |
| Table 1.2a: Skin-to-skin contact among Cesarean births by hospital type, size, NICU level, and region* | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2009 | ||||||
| How many patients experience mother-infant skin-to-skin contact for at least 30 minutes within 2 hours of uncomplicated Cesarean birth | ||||||
| Few | Some | Many | Most | Not sure | N | |
| All | 26.0 | 21.8 | 19.5 | 32.4 | 0.3 | 2502 |
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Government hospital | 28.0 | 24.9 | 16.6 | 30.5 | 0.0 | 511 |
| Non-profit hospital | 24.5 | 20.8 | 20.2 | 34.3 | 0.3 | 1648 |
| Private hospital | 32.1 | 21.8 | 19.9 | 25.9 | 0.3 | 321 |
| Military hospital | 9.5 | 28.6 | 33.3 | 23.8 | 4.8 | 21 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 25.1 | 26.9 | 18.9 | 28.6 | 0.6 | 175 |
| No | 26.1 | 21.4 | 19.6 | 32.6 | 0.3 | 2326 |
| Size of facility | ||||||
| 0-249 | 24.1 | 21.4 | 18.8 | 35.3 | 0.4 | 473 |
| 250-499 | 24.7 | 22.4 | 19.2 | 33.5 | 0.2 | 442 |
| 500-999 | 27.0 | 22.2 | 19.4 | 31.2 | 0.2 | 545 |
| 1000-1999 | 26.9 | 21.5 | 19.0 | 32.4 | 0.2 | 521 |
| 2000-4999 | 26.9 | 20.8 | 21.9 | 30.0 | 0.4 | 457 |
| 5000 or more | 28.6 | 27.0 | 15.9 | 28.6 | 0.0 | 63 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 25.1 | 21.4 | 19.7 | 33.5 | 0.4 | 946 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 26.8 | 23.0 | 18.5 | 31.5 | 0.1 | 1003 |
| Level 3 NICU | 26.2 | 20.3 | 21.2 | 32.0 | 0.4 | 553 |
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 17.5 | 13.7 | 25.2 | 43.6 | 0.0 | 314 |
| Mountain | 15.6 | 21.0 | 21.5 | 42.0 | 0.0 | 205 |
| West North Central | 21.0 | 24.4 | 17.8 | 36.3 | 0.6 | 353 |
| East North Central | 25.3 | 25.7 | 18.2 | 30.6 | 0.2 | 435 |
| West South Central | 36.1 | 20.1 | 19.0 | 24.8 | 0.0 | 294 |
| East South Central | 34.7 | 25.3 | 15.9 | 23.5 | 0.6 | 170 |
| New England | 11.6 | 15.5 | 24.0 | 48.8 | 0.0 | 129 |
| Middle Atlantic | 30.3 | 26.4 | 18.6 | 24.7 | 0.0 | 231 |
| South Atlantic | 35.0 | 21.0 | 18.1 | 25.1 | 0.8 | 371 |
| *Note: Facilities not performing Cesareans are not included in these tabulations. | ||||||
| Table 1.3a: Early breastfeeding initiation among vaginal births by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2009 | |||||
| What percent of healthy breastfed infants are put to the breast within 1 hour of uncomplicated vaginal birth | |||||
| <10% | 10-49% | 50-89% | 90% or more | N | |
| All | 3.4 | 11.8 | 33.8 | 51.0 | 2622 |
| Type of facility | |||||
| Birth center | 0.0 | 1.7 | 5.9 | 92.4 | 118 |
| Government hospital | 4.9 | 15.7 | 33.6 | 45.8 | 509 |
| Non-profit hospital | 2.7 | 10.5 | 36.0 | 50.8 | 1648 |
| Private hospital | 6.5 | 15.7 | 33.5 | 44.3 | 325 |
| Military hospital | 0.0 | 19.0 | 23.8 | 57.1 | 21 |
| Teaching hospital | |||||
| Yes | 2.3 | 17.4 | 43.6 | 36.6 | 172 |
| No | 3.7 | 11.9 | 34.4 | 49.9 | 2331 |
| Size of facility | |||||
| 0-249 | 4.3 | 9.9 | 24.8 | 61.0 | 584 |
| 250-499 | 3.4 | 11.4 | 31.1 | 54.1 | 447 |
| 500-999 | 3.1 | 11.4 | 36.3 | 49.2 | 543 |
| 1000-1999 | 2.9 | 13.1 | 34.8 | 49.2 | 520 |
| 2000-4999 | 3.1 | 13.2 | 43.9 | 39.9 | 456 |
| 5000 or more | 6.5 | 17.7 | 37.1 | 38.7 | 62 |
| Unknown | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 10 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | |||||
| Healthy newborn only | 4.2 | 10.3 | 28.5 | 57.0 | 1074 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 2.9 | 12.5 | 34.8 | 49.9 | 1003 |
| Level 3 NICU | 2.9 | 13.6 | 42.2 | 41.3 | 545 |
| Census region | |||||
| Pacific | 3.4 | 6.9 | 30.0 | 59.7 | 350 |
| Mountain | 1.8 | 11.0 | 26.5 | 60.7 | 219 |
| West North Central | 2.8 | 11.5 | 33.3 | 52.4 | 357 |
| East North Central | 2.5 | 8.6 | 37.6 | 51.4 | 444 |
| West South Central | 8.4 | 16.3 | 36.6 | 38.8 | 320 |
| East South Central | 3.0 | 18.5 | 38.7 | 39.9 | 168 |
| New England | 0.0 | 4.5 | 31.3 | 64.2 | 134 |
| Middle Atlantic | 2.1 | 13.3 | 33.8 | 50.8 | 240 |
| South Atlantic | 4.1 | 15.9 | 33.6 | 46.4 | 390 |
| Table 1.4a: Early breastfeeding initiation among Cesarean births by hospital type, size, NICU level, and region* | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2009 | |||||
| What percent of healthy breastfed infants are put to the breast within 2 hours of uncomplicated Cesarean birth | |||||
| <10% | 10-49% | 50-89% | 90% or more | N | |
| All | 13.8 | 13.8 | 29.8 | 42.6 | 2486 |
| Type of facility | |||||
| Government hospital | 17.5 | 13.6 | 28.1 | 40.7 | 508 |
| Non-profit hospital | 10.6 | 13.5 | 30.5 | 45.4 | 1635 |
| Private hospital | 23.7 | 15.0 | 29.9 | 31.5 | 321 |
| Military hospital | 19.0 | 23.8 | 19.0 | 38.1 | 21 |
| Teaching hospital | |||||
| Yes | 17.1 | 20.0 | 31.8 | 31.2 | 170 |
| No | 13.6 | 13.3 | 29.7 | 43.5 | 2315 |
| Size of facility | |||||
| 0-249 | 9.1 | 12.8 | 28.7 | 49.4 | 470 |
| 250-499 | 12.5 | 12.7 | 30.0 | 44.8 | 440 |
| 500-999 | 14.5 | 10.6 | 31.1 | 43.8 | 546 |
| 1000-1999 | 14.3 | 14.6 | 29.3 | 41.8 | 519 |
| 2000-4999 | 17.8 | 17.8 | 29.6 | 34.7 | 449 |
| 5000 or more | 19.7 | 19.7 | 31.1 | 29.5 | 61 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | |||||
| Healthy newborn only | 12.6 | 11.9 | 29.5 | 46.0 | 943 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 13.1 | 14.5 | 29.8 | 42.6 | 1002 |
| Level 3 NICU | 17.2 | 15.7 | 30.3 | 36.8 | 541 |
| Census region | |||||
| Pacific | 16.7 | 10.9 | 24.0 | 48.4 | 312 |
| Mountain | 7.9 | 11.3 | 32.5 | 48.3 | 203 |
| West North Central | 6.0 | 8.2 | 30.1 | 55.7 | 352 |
| East North Central | 6.2 | 12.2 | 33.4 | 48.2 | 434 |
| West South Central | 24.4 | 18.0 | 29.5 | 28.1 | 295 |
| East South Central | 17.9 | 16.1 | 32.7 | 33.3 | 168 |
| New England | 1.6 | 6.3 | 30.5 | 61.7 | 128 |
| Middle Atlantic | 24.8 | 20.0 | 25.2 | 30.0 | 230 |
| South Atlantic | 18.1 | 19.0 | 30.2 | 32.7 | 364 |
| *Note: Facilities not performing Cesareans are not included in these tabulations. | |||||
| Table 1.5a: Performance of routine procedures while skin-to-skin among vaginal births by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2009 | ||||||
| How often are routine infant procedures performed while mother & infant are skin-to-skin after uncomplicated vaginal birth | ||||||
| Rarely | Sometimes | Often | Almost always | Not sure | N | |
| All | 26.1 | 27.7 | 25.9 | 20.1 | 0.2 | 2654 |
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Birth center | 0.0 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 94.9 | 0.0 | 117 |
| Government hospital | 30.0 | 27.2 | 27.5 | 15.3 | 0.0 | 523 |
| Non-profit hospital | 25.4 | 29.0 | 26.9 | 18.3 | 0.3 | 1663 |
| Private hospital | 33.4 | 31.0 | 25.5 | 10.0 | 0.0 | 329 |
| Military hospital | 9.5 | 28.6 | 42.9 | 19.0 | 0.0 | 21 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 24.9 | 31.6 | 27.1 | 15.3 | 1.1 | 177 |
| No | 27.5 | 28.7 | 27.0 | 16.7 | 0.1 | 2359 |
| Size of facility | ||||||
| 0-249 | 27.3 | 20.5 | 19.8 | 32.4 | 0.0 | 590 |
| 250-499 | 23.1 | 27.9 | 30.1 | 18.9 | 0.0 | 455 |
| 500-999 | 27.4 | 30.9 | 26.9 | 14.5 | 0.4 | 551 |
| 1000-1999 | 28.2 | 30.7 | 26.3 | 14.9 | 0.0 | 525 |
| 2000-4999 | 24.5 | 29.9 | 27.5 | 17.6 | 0.4 | 461 |
| 5000 or more | 20.6 | 30.2 | 33.3 | 14.3 | 1.6 | 63 |
| Unknown | 11.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 88.9 | 0.0 | 9 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 24.7 | 25.3 | 23.5 | 26.5 | 0.1 | 1081 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 27.0 | 30.0 | 26.7 | 16.1 | 0.1 | 1017 |
| Level 3 NICU | 27.0 | 28.4 | 29.1 | 14.9 | 0.5 | 556 |
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 12.3 | 20.2 | 31.3 | 36.2 | 0.0 | 351 |
| Mountain | 21.6 | 28.8 | 25.7 | 23.9 | 0.0 | 222 |
| West North Central | 27.1 | 28.5 | 28.5 | 15.7 | 0.3 | 362 |
| East North Central | 25.7 | 32.6 | 26.8 | 15.0 | 0.0 | 448 |
| West South Central | 40.7 | 24.7 | 16.7 | 17.6 | 0.3 | 324 |
| East South Central | 37.1 | 32.0 | 25.1 | 5.1 | 0.6 | 175 |
| New England | 11.2 | 17.9 | 31.3 | 39.6 | 0.0 | 134 |
| Middle Atlantic | 29.0 | 28.6 | 27.8 | 14.1 | 0.4 | 241 |
| South Atlantic | 26.7 | 31.0 | 22.9 | 19.1 | 0.3 | 397 |