table 7.1b: Elements of a written hospital policy by state
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2007
	In-service training	Prenatal breastfeeding classes	Asking about mothers' feeding plans	Early initiation of breastfeeding	Teaching lactation maintenance during separation	Exclusive breastfeeding	24 hr/day rooming-in	Breastfeeding on-demand	Pacifier use	Referral of mothers with breastfeeding problems	N
All	47.8	48.1	73.2	80.2	60.8	54.0	65.4	72.8	40.7	64.7	2687
State
AK	29.2	33.3	87.5	83.3	62.5	50.0	75.0	62.5	33.3	70.8	24
AL	40.4	51.1	70.2	67.6	55.3	36.2	48.9	61.7	31.9	50.0	47
AR	59.3	22.2	66.7	69.6	63.0	51.9	63.0	74.1	37.0	45.8	27
AZ	36.1	27.8	61.1	73.3	58.3	61.1	61.1	69.4	30.6	55.9	36
CA	52.2	52.7	78.6	85.6	73.6	58.2	81.1	79.1	47.8	79.1	201
CO	50.0	57.1	73.8	86.1	66.7	61.9	66.7	81.0	40.5	66.7	42
CT	43.5	69.6	82.6	90.9	65.2	52.2	73.9	91.3	43.5	68.2	23
DC	25.0	50.0	75.0	100.0	75.0	75.0	50.0	50.0	50.0	75.0	4
DE	42.9	57.1	71.4	50.0	42.9	28.6	57.1	57.1	28.6	57.1	7
FL	50.5	54.7	78.9	90.6	63.2	54.7	70.5	77.9	46.3	76.7	95
GA	47.1	44.3	68.6	75.0	61.4	50.0	61.4	64.3	30.0	58.1	70
HI	44.4	33.3	66.7	75.0	77.8	55.6	77.8	66.7	44.4	66.7	9
IA	47.3	51.4	62.2	75.4	48.6	47.3	52.7	71.6	36.5	55.2	74
ID	61.5	57.7	76.9	91.3	53.8	69.2	76.9	80.8	42.3	64.0	26
IL	41.3	39.4	60.6	70.2	56.0	46.8	55.0	62.4	43.1	54.5	109
IN	48.8	41.7	66.7	74.6	48.8	47.6	53.6	63.1	27.4	49.4	84
KS	35.3	44.1	63.2	69.4	33.8	42.6	55.9	58.8	27.9	55.6	68
KY	51.2	41.9	81.4	87.5	60.5	62.8	60.5	76.7	41.9	58.5	43
LA	55.6	57.8	73.3	72.7	64.4	42.2	68.9	66.7	31.1	56.8	45
MA	69.4	63.9	77.8	88.6	88.9	77.8	63.9	80.6	66.7	88.2	36
MD	48.3	48.3	75.9	87.0	65.5	51.7	58.6	82.8	48.3	82.1	29
ME	53.3	56.7	66.7	82.8	70.0	66.7	70.0	86.7	63.3	78.6	30
MI	47.4	55.3	77.6	81.3	61.8	57.9	64.5	73.7	38.2	67.1	76
MN	42.4	45.9	68.2	71.6	52.9	58.8	58.8	71.8	43.5	69.1	85
MO	53.4	55.2	77.6	84.8	58.6	44.8	65.5	77.6	37.9	61.1	58
MS	50.0	34.2	76.3	71.4	65.8	47.4	52.6	60.5	36.8	50.0	38
MT	46.7	43.3	83.3	84.0	60.0	50.0	76.7	83.3	33.3	72.4	30
NC	45.1	47.9	77.5	85.0	74.6	62.0	54.9	80.3	46.5	73.8	71
ND	52.9	29.4	82.4	92.3	64.7	41.2	70.6	82.4	35.3	35.7	17
NE	22.9	37.5	68.8	73.2	39.6	58.3	64.6	72.9	37.5	50.0	48
NH	47.8	73.9	78.3	87.0	73.9	78.3	69.6	87.0	56.5	77.3	23
NJ	63.0	45.7	78.3	82.1	67.4	60.9	69.6	73.9	32.6	68.2	46
NM	40.0	20.0	65.0	64.3	55.0	30.0	65.0	60.0	15.0	47.4	20
NV	38.5	38.5	69.2	66.7	61.5	53.8	69.2	76.9	46.2	72.7	13
NY	56.4	66.4	81.8	92.2	81.8	77.3	80.9	85.5	65.5	84.7	110
OH	47.6	50.5	67.0	82.6	62.1	53.4	68.0	78.6	39.8	68.4	103
OK	44.9	34.7	65.3	63.2	40.8	36.7	61.2	53.1	28.6	54.5	49
OR	56.6	52.8	86.8	91.1	67.9	52.8	77.4	79.2	43.4	80.8	53
PA	45.5	46.5	80.2	88.4	66.3	54.5	67.3	82.2	43.6	68.1	101
PR	72.7	45.5	81.8	87.5	72.7	72.7	81.8	72.7	0.0	63.6	11
RI	60.0	60.0	80.0	80.0	100.0	80.0	80.0	100.0	60.0	100.0	5
SC	45.9	43.2	75.7	71.4	56.8	35.1	56.8	64.9	32.4	48.6	37
SD	68.4	63.2	73.7	88.2	63.2	52.6	42.1	84.2	52.6	72.2	19
TN	53.1	51.6	73.4	85.1	65.6	56.3	64.1	67.2	39.1	61.9	64
TX	43.2	46.8	68.4	66.4	48.4	44.7	60.5	60.5	29.5	50.0	190
UT	58.1	54.8	77.4	80.8	51.6	41.9	54.8	71.0	38.7	60.0	31
VA	51.0	40.8	71.4	79.5	61.2	55.1	73.5	77.6	44.9	60.0	49
VT	27.3	45.5	72.7	90.9	81.8	81.8	90.9	81.8	81.8	90.0	11
WA	33.8	41.5	70.8	84.2	58.5	55.4	75.4	73.8	32.3	61.7	65
WI	53.8	51.6	79.6	89.2	63.4	65.6	65.6	81.7	57.0	74.4	93
WV	40.7	33.3	74.1	70.0	40.7	40.7	59.3	48.1	33.3	52.0	27
WY	40.0	26.7	60.0	78.6	40.0	46.7	66.7	60.0	33.3	73.3	15

table 7.2b: Modes used to inform staff of breastfeeding policies by state
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2007
	In-service training	Policy is posted	Newsletter	New staff training	New staff orientation	Staff meeting	Word of mouth	N
All	73.8	70.9	15.7	78.4	77.7	78.7	67.5	2687
State
AK	45.8	62.5	8.3	70.8	62.5	79.2	70.8	24
AL	72.3	66.0	12.8	74.5	80.9	74.5	59.6	47
AR	77.8	85.2	7.4	81.5	77.8	88.9	85.2	27
AZ	72.2	77.8	11.1	83.3	83.3	86.1	77.8	36
CA	86.6	71.1	18.4	79.1	77.6	83.1	65.7	201
CO	83.3	69.0	19.0	90.5	83.3	85.7	83.3	42
CT	82.6	87.0	4.3	78.3	82.6	87.0	69.6	23
DC	100.0	100.0	25.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	75.0	4
DE	57.1	42.9	14.3	57.1	42.9	42.9	57.1	7
FL	73.7	62.1	14.7	78.9	76.8	75.8	63.2	95
GA	77.1	72.9	11.4	77.1	68.6	70.0	57.1	70
HI	55.6	55.6	0.0	55.6	66.7	66.7	77.8	9
IA	66.2	64.9	17.6	82.4	81.1	79.7	67.6	74
ID	73.1	73.1	15.4	69.2	65.4	73.1	69.2	26
IL	67.9	69.7	14.7	78.9	76.1	74.3	64.2	109
IN	66.7	70.2	16.7	75.0	78.6	81.0	60.7	84
KS	57.4	48.5	16.2	60.3	66.2	63.2	57.4	68
KY	79.1	74.4	14.0	81.4	86.0	90.7	72.1	43
LA	86.7	75.6	2.2	77.8	84.4	80.0	60.0	45
MA	94.4	88.9	25.0	88.9	88.9	94.4	58.3	36
MD	72.4	82.8	13.8	86.2	75.9	86.2	69.0	29
ME	70.0	80.0	16.7	90.0	83.3	80.0	63.3	30
MI	76.3	71.1	18.4	78.9	77.6	78.9	59.2	76
MN	69.4	69.4	21.2	80.0	74.1	77.6	64.7	85
MO	81.0	70.7	22.4	82.8	87.9	87.9	84.5	58
MS	63.2	65.8	7.9	78.9	76.3	68.4	63.2	38
MT	90.0	70.0	6.7	73.3	80.0	80.0	80.0	30
NC	74.6	73.2	9.9	81.7	83.1	81.7	76.1	71
ND	70.6	64.7	35.3	88.2	82.4	82.4	70.6	17
NE	62.5	62.5	4.2	60.4	64.6	62.5	58.3	48
NH	69.6	78.3	21.7	91.3	78.3	78.3	73.9	23
NJ	80.4	82.6	23.9	87.0	87.0	84.8	76.1	46
NM	60.0	60.0	20.0	75.0	75.0	85.0	80.0	20
NV	53.8	53.8	7.7	69.2	53.8	69.2	53.8	13
NY	79.1	80.0	11.8	83.6	80.0	85.5	70.0	110
OH	77.7	78.6	21.4	86.4	84.5	84.5	78.6	103
OK	75.5	69.4	8.2	71.4	73.5	75.5	85.7	49
OR	77.4	81.1	30.2	73.6	75.5	75.5	69.8	53
PA	82.2	85.1	16.8	86.1	86.1	84.2	71.3	101
PR	100.0	36.4	18.2	100.0	90.9	90.9	72.7	11
RI	80.0	80.0	20.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	80.0	5
SC	67.6	78.4	13.5	75.7	73.0	67.6	56.8	37
SD	73.7	68.4	15.8	68.4	89.5	78.9	78.9	19
TN	75.0	71.9	12.5	82.8	78.1	81.3	59.4	64
TX	67.4	59.5	12.6	64.7	65.3	68.4	60.0	190
UT	77.4	74.2	22.6	87.1	90.3	90.3	74.2	31
VA	73.5	71.4	18.4	85.7	83.7	77.6	71.4	49
VT	72.7	81.8	18.2	90.9	90.9	81.8	72.7	11
WA	61.5	70.8	18.5	69.2	70.8	69.2	56.9	65
WI	77.4	72.0	19.4	83.9	83.9	86.0	74.2	93
WV	44.4	55.6	11.1	74.1	74.1	70.4	63.0	27
WY	60.0	66.7	26.7	66.7	73.3	66.7	80.0	15

table 7.3b: Documentation of breastfeeding practices by state
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2007
	Does the facility document rates of breastfeeding among patients
	No/not sure	Only intention at admission	Yes, rates are assessed	N
All	29.5	17.9	52.7	2448
State
AK	39.1	26.1	34.8	23
AL	18.6	20.9	60.5	43
AR	50.0	25.0	25.0	24
AZ	32.4	20.6	47.1	34
CA	30.2	14.8	54.9	182
CO	30.6	2.8	66.7	36
CT	9.1	27.3	63.6	22
DC	25.0	0.0	75.0	4
DE	0.0	0.0	100.0	6
FL	27.3	17.0	55.7	88
GA	30.6	21.0	48.4	62
HI	42.9	0.0	57.1	7
IA	31.0	15.5	53.5	71
ID	28.0	12.0	60.0	25
IL	35.0	15.0	50.0	100
IN	20.3	26.6	53.2	79
KS	47.8	10.4	41.8	67
KY	26.3	28.9	44.7	38
LA	32.5	22.5	45.0	40
MA	3.2	19.4	77.4	31
MD	30.8	23.1	46.2	26
ME	7.1	7.1	85.7	28
MI	34.3	17.9	47.8	67
MN	44.9	15.4	39.7	78
MO	25.5	20.0	54.5	55
MS	41.7	22.2	36.1	36
MT	41.4	13.8	44.8	29
NC	31.3	15.6	53.1	64
ND	37.5	31.3	31.3	16
NE	52.3	13.6	34.1	44
NH	4.8	9.5	85.7	21
NJ	10.0	15.0	75.0	40
NM	25.0	20.0	55.0	20
NV	44.4	22.2	33.3	9
NY	13.5	13.5	73.0	89
OH	4.5	20.2	75.3	89
OK	56.5	15.2	28.3	46
OR	32.7	20.4	46.9	49
PA	26.6	17.0	56.4	94
PR	20.0	20.0	60.0	10
RI	0.0	0.0	100.0	2
SC	20.0	37.1	42.9	35
SD	21.1	5.3	73.7	19
TN	38.2	27.3	34.5	55
TX	42.3	16.0	41.7	175
UT	40.0	10.0	50.0	30
VA	19.6	30.4	50.0	46
VT	0.0	20.0	80.0	10
WA	33.3	15.0	51.7	60
WI	17.6	18.8	63.5	85
WV	34.6	19.2	46.2	26
WY	23.1	23.1	53.8	13

table 7.4b: Supports offered to breastfeeding staff members by state
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2007
	Designated room to express milk	On-site child care	Electric breast pump provided	Permission to use breaks to express milk	Breastfeeding support group	Lactation consultant available	Paid maternity leave	N
All	68.9	14.2	77.0	93.6	18.0	66.5	31.8	2687
State
AK	58.3	20.8	70.8	91.7	12.5	54.2	20.8	24
AL	70.2	8.5	61.7	91.5	6.4	59.6	17.0	47
AR	59.3	22.2	66.7	96.3	3.7	48.1	22.2	27
AZ	61.1	11.1	75.0	97.2	22.2	52.8	44.4	36
CA	71.1	10.9	80.6	93.5	22.4	64.7	57.7	201
CO	73.8	14.3	81.0	92.9	11.9	76.2	23.8	42
CT	82.6	30.4	91.3	91.3	30.4	87.0	17.4	23
DC	100.0	25.0	100.0	100.0	50.0	100.0	0.0	4
DE	28.6	42.9	71.4	57.1	14.3	57.1	14.3	7
FL	67.4	18.9	82.1	93.7	32.6	71.6	30.5	95
GA	57.1	15.7	81.4	95.7	17.1	62.9	21.4	70
HI	77.8	11.1	88.9	100.0	11.1	55.6	44.4	9
IA	82.4	14.9	79.7	93.2	13.5	63.5	39.2	74
ID	61.5	23.1	65.4	88.5	34.6	80.8	26.9	26
IL	73.4	19.3	85.3	92.7	22.0	78.0	29.4	109
IN	76.2	8.3	84.5	94.0	19.0	71.4	29.8	84
KS	54.4	7.4	57.4	89.7	14.7	41.2	27.9	68
KY	58.1	16.3	69.8	90.7	14.0	72.1	32.6	43
LA	60.0	6.7	73.3	86.7	8.9	53.3	24.4	45
MA	69.4	22.2	86.1	97.2	30.6	91.7	27.8	36
MD	72.4	24.1	89.7	100.0	24.1	69.0	27.6	29
ME	83.3	13.3	90.0	100.0	40.0	76.7	26.7	30
MI	77.6	19.7	81.6	94.7	25.0	71.1	57.9	76
MN	67.1	3.5	69.4	98.8	8.2	65.9	24.7	85
MO	69.0	20.7	82.8	96.6	12.1	62.1	20.7	58
MS	44.7	13.2	57.9	86.8	15.8	44.7	21.1	38
MT	46.7	3.3	56.7	96.7	10.0	70.0	30.0	30
NC	73.2	14.1	88.7	95.8	16.9	71.8	28.2	71
ND	76.5	17.6	64.7	88.2	5.9	58.8	23.5	17
NE	54.2	8.3	54.2	85.4	10.4	37.5	29.2	48
NH	82.6	21.7	91.3	95.7	26.1	91.3	13.0	23
NJ	78.3	41.3	89.1	100.0	26.1	67.4	47.8	46
NM	80.0	10.0	70.0	95.0	20.0	40.0	30.0	20
NV	53.8	15.4	76.9	84.6	7.7	61.5	23.1	13
NY	71.8	16.4	85.5	94.5	27.3	84.5	34.5	110
OH	82.5	19.4	91.3	94.2	28.2	90.3	32.0	103
OK	67.3	14.3	73.5	87.8	10.2	63.3	24.5	49
OR	83.0	13.2	75.5	98.1	17.0	67.9	20.8	53
PA	66.3	14.9	84.2	93.1	17.8	67.3	28.7	101
PR	81.8	0.0	18.2	100.0	27.3	45.5	100.0	11
RI	60.0	0.0	100.0	100.0	20.0	60.0	40.0	5
SC	59.5	16.2	70.3	94.6	16.2	64.9	37.8	37
SD	63.2	5.3	52.6	100.0	5.3	52.6	26.3	19
TN	67.2	10.9	71.9	93.8	10.9	54.7	25.0	64
TX	61.1	6.8	63.7	87.4	12.6	52.1	18.9	190
UT	61.3	19.4	83.9	100.0	9.7	54.8	22.6	31
VA	71.4	20.4	87.8	95.9	14.3	75.5	20.4	49
VT	81.8	18.2	90.9	100.0	45.5	81.8	45.5	11
WA	67.7	7.7	75.4	95.4	12.3	64.6	40.0	65
WI	82.8	12.9	79.6	96.8	12.9	84.9	48.4	93
WV	55.6	3.7	66.7	96.3	3.7	51.9	18.5	27
WY	40.0	20.0	66.7	86.7	20.0	66.7	40.0	15

table 7.5b: Facility's receipt of free formula by state
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2007
	Does the facility receive infant formula free of charge
	Yes	No	Not sure	N
All	88.1	9.4	2.6	2652
State
AK	62.5	33.3	4.2	24
AL	95.7	2.2	2.2	46
AR	88.9	3.7	7.4	27
AZ	91.4	2.9	5.7	35
CA	78.8	17.7	3.5	198
CO	90.5	7.1	2.4	42
CT	86.4	13.6	0.0	22
DC	75.0	25.0	0.0	4
DE	85.7	14.3	0.0	7
FL	79.8	18.1	2.1	94
GA	92.8	5.8	1.4	69
HI	100.0	0.0	0.0	9
IA	88.7	4.2	7.0	71
ID	84.0	12.0	4.0	25
IL	95.4	2.8	1.9	108
IN	90.5	8.3	1.2	84
KS	95.5	3.0	1.5	67
KY	90.7	4.7	4.7	43
LA	97.7	0.0	2.3	44
MA	91.7	8.3	0.0	36
MD	79.3	17.2	3.4	29
ME	75.0	25.0	0.0	28
MI	95.9	4.1	0.0	74
MN	85.7	13.1	1.2	84
MO	93.1	3.4	3.4	58
MS	100.0	0.0	0.0	38
MT	86.7	10.0	3.3	30
NC	95.7	1.4	2.9	70
ND	82.4	11.8	5.9	17
NE	93.5	2.2	4.3	46
NH	59.1	36.4	4.5	22
NJ	97.8	0.0	2.2	45
NM	70.0	30.0	0.0	20
NV	92.3	7.7	0.0	13
NY	87.0	9.3	3.7	108
OH	94.0	4.0	2.0	100
OK	91.8	2.0	6.1	49
OR	71.7	18.9	9.4	53
PA	94.0	4.0	2.0	100
PR	100.0	0.0	0.0	11
RI	60.0	40.0	0.0	5
SC	91.9	5.4	2.7	37
SD	89.5	5.3	5.3	19
TN	89.1	9.4	1.6	64
TX	87.2	11.7	1.1	188
UT	100.0	0.0	0.0	31
VA	91.5	6.4	2.1	47
VT	90.9	9.1	0.0	11
WA	73.8	21.5	4.6	65
WI	80.6	18.3	1.1	93
WV	88.9	11.1	0.0	27
WY	100.0	0.0	0.0	15

table 7.6b: Inclusion of breastfeeding in prenatal patient education by state
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2007
	Does the facility include breastfeeding as component of prenatal education
	No/not sure	Yes	N
All	7.4	92.6	2606
State
AK	21.7	78.3	23
AL	4.3	95.7	46
AR	30.8	69.2	26
AZ	19.4	80.6	36
CA	6.3	93.7	189
CO	0.0	100.0	41
CT	0.0	100.0	23
DC	0.0	100.0	4
DE	0.0	100.0	7
FL	6.4	93.6	94
GA	13.0	87.0	69
HI	22.2	77.8	9
IA	4.2	95.8	72
ID	0.0	100.0	26
IL	3.8	96.2	104
IN	0.0	100.0	82
KS	12.1	87.9	66
KY	11.9	88.1	42
LA	14.0	86.0	43
MA	0.0	100.0	36
MD	3.6	96.4	28
ME	3.4	96.6	29
MI	4.0	96.0	75
MN	6.0	94.0	83
MO	1.8	98.2	56
MS	13.9	86.1	36
MT	20.7	79.3	29
NC	10.1	89.9	69
ND	5.9	94.1	17
NE	8.5	91.5	47
NH	0.0	100.0	22
NJ	0.0	100.0	44
NM	20.0	80.0	20
NV	8.3	91.7	12
NY	4.8	95.2	104
OH	1.0	99.0	102
OK	8.7	91.3	46
OR	0.0	100.0	53
PA	6.1	93.9	98
PR	54.5	45.5	11
RI	0.0	100.0	3
SC	8.1	91.9	37
SD	0.0	100.0	18
TN	7.9	92.1	63
TX	13.1	86.9	183
UT	6.9	93.1	29
VA	4.3	95.7	47
VT	9.1	90.9	11
WA	17.5	82.5	63
WI	1.1	98.9	92
WV	19.2	80.8	26
WY	13.3	86.7	15

table 7.7b: Existence of a designated lactation coordinator by state
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2007
	Does the facility have a designated lactation coordinator
	Yes	No	N
All	69.8	30.2	2634
State
AK	45.8	54.2	24
AL	56.5	43.5	46
AR	42.3	57.7	26
AZ	61.1	38.9	36
CA	74.4	25.6	195
CO	78.6	21.4	42
CT	77.3	22.7	22
DC	100.0	0.0	4
DE	85.7	14.3	7
FL	75.3	24.7	93
GA	65.7	34.3	70
HI	55.6	44.4	9
IA	57.5	42.5	73
ID	76.9	23.1	26
IL	83.2	16.8	107
IN	70.2	29.8	84
KS	45.3	54.7	64
KY	72.1	27.9	43
LA	65.9	34.1	44
MA	94.1	5.9	34
MD	69.0	31.0	29
ME	76.7	23.3	30
MI	76.7	23.3	73
MN	74.1	25.9	81
MO	61.4	38.6	57
MS	54.1	45.9	37
MT	56.7	43.3	30
NC	78.3	21.7	69
ND	64.7	35.3	17
NE	40.4	59.6	47
NH	86.4	13.6	22
NJ	76.1	23.9	46
NM	35.0	65.0	20
NV	61.5	38.5	13
NY	90.4	9.6	104
OH	92.0	8.0	100
OK	65.3	34.7	49
OR	75.5	24.5	53
PA	78.2	21.8	101
PR	40.0	60.0	10
RI	100.0	0.0	5
SC	63.9	36.1	36
SD	63.2	36.8	19
TN	57.1	42.9	63
TX	58.3	41.7	187
UT	67.7	32.3	31
VA	66.0	34.0	47
VT	72.7	27.3	11
WA	56.9	43.1	65
WI	83.5	16.5	91
WV	63.0	37.0	27
WY	73.3	26.7	15