| table 3.1a: Documentation of infant feeding decisions by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2007 | ||||||
| How often infant feeding decisions are documented in medical records | ||||||
| Rarely | Sometimes | Often | Almost always | Not sure | N | |
| All | 0.3 | 0.1 | 1.0 | 98.5 | 0.1 | 2679 |
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Birth center | 3.3 | 0.0 | 1.7 | 94.2 | 0.8 | 120 |
| Government hospital | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 98.7 | 0.0 | 530 |
| Non-profit hospital | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.9 | 98.8 | 0.1 | 1692 |
| Private hospital | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 99.0 | 0.0 | 310 |
| Military hospital | 0.0 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 92.6 | 0.0 | 27 |
| Size of facility | ||||||
| 0-249 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 1.6 | 97.4 | 0.2 | 627 |
| 250-499 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 98.7 | 0.0 | 445 |
| 500-999 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 99.1 | 0.0 | 548 |
| 1000-1999 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 99.1 | 0.2 | 552 |
| 2000-4999 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.1 | 98.6 | 0.2 | 437 |
| 5000 or more | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.4 | 98.6 | 0.0 | 70 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 99.4 | 0.0 | 179 |
| No | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1.0 | 98.7 | 0.1 | 2380 |
| Birth center | 3.3 | 0.0 | 1.7 | 94.2 | 0.8 | 120 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
| Unknown | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 95.8 | 4.2 | 24 |
| Healthy newborn only | 0.5 | 0.1 | 1.4 | 97.8 | 0.1 | 1106 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 99.1 | 0.0 | 1074 |
| Level 3 NICU | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 99.2 | 0.2 | 475 |
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 0.0 | 0.3 | 1.7 | 97.4 | 0.6 | 352 |
| Mountain | 0.5 | 0.0 | 1.9 | 97.7 | 0.0 | 213 |
| West North Central | 0.5 | 0.3 | 1.1 | 98.1 | 0.0 | 368 |
| East North Central | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 99.6 | 0.0 | 465 |
| West South Central | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 98.1 | 0.0 | 309 |
| East South Central | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 99.0 | 0.5 | 191 |
| New England | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 99.2 | 0.0 | 127 |
| Middle Atlantic | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 99.2 | 0.0 | 256 |
| South Atlantic | 0.3 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 98.7 | 0.0 | 398 |
| table 3.2a: Provision of advice & instructions for breastfeeding patients by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2007 | ||||||
| How many breastfeeding patients are provided advice & instructions about breastfeeding | ||||||
| Few | Some | Many | Most | Not sure | N | |
| All | 0.1 | 1.1 | 11.0 | 87.8 | 0.1 | 2665 |
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Birth center | 0.0 | 0.0 | 6.6 | 93.4 | 0.0 | 122 |
| Government hospital | 0.2 | 1.1 | 15.9 | 82.8 | 0.0 | 529 |
| Non-profit hospital | 0.1 | 1.0 | 10.3 | 88.6 | 0.1 | 1680 |
| Private hospital | 0.0 | 2.3 | 7.8 | 89.6 | 0.3 | 308 |
| Military hospital | 0.0 | 0.0 | 11.5 | 88.5 | 0.0 | 26 |
| Size of facility | ||||||
| 0-249 | 0.2 | 1.9 | 11.0 | 86.7 | 0.2 | 625 |
| 250-499 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 11.3 | 88.2 | 0.2 | 441 |
| 500-999 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 11.2 | 88.2 | 0.0 | 543 |
| 1000-1999 | 0.2 | 1.1 | 9.6 | 89.1 | 0.0 | 552 |
| 2000-4999 | 0.0 | 1.6 | 11.1 | 87.3 | 0.0 | 433 |
| 5000 or more | 0.0 | 0.0 | 15.5 | 84.5 | 0.0 | 71 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 0.0 | 0.6 | 11.7 | 87.7 | 0.0 | 179 |
| No | 0.1 | 1.2 | 11.1 | 87.5 | 0.1 | 2364 |
| Birth center | 0.0 | 0.0 | 6.6 | 93.4 | 0.0 | 122 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
| Unknown | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 14 |
| Healthy newborn only | 0.1 | 1.6 | 12.0 | 86.2 | 0.1 | 1104 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 0.1 | 0.8 | 10.1 | 88.9 | 0.1 | 1071 |
| Level 3 NICU | 0.0 | 0.4 | 10.9 | 88.7 | 0.0 | 476 |
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 0.0 | 1.7 | 11.1 | 86.9 | 0.3 | 351 |
| Mountain | 0.0 | 0.5 | 13.2 | 86.3 | 0.0 | 212 |
| West North Central | 0.0 | 1.1 | 10.7 | 88.3 | 0.0 | 366 |
| East North Central | 0.0 | 0.7 | 9.1 | 90.2 | 0.0 | 461 |
| West South Central | 0.3 | 1.6 | 14.9 | 83.1 | 0.0 | 308 |
| East South Central | 0.0 | 2.1 | 16.3 | 81.6 | 0.0 | 190 |
| New England | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.6 | 98.4 | 0.0 | 126 |
| Middle Atlantic | 0.4 | 0.4 | 8.3 | 90.9 | 0.0 | 253 |
| South Atlantic | 0.0 | 1.3 | 11.1 | 87.4 | 0.3 | 398 |
| table 3.3a: Education on infant cues to feed by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2007 | ||||||
| How many patients are taught to recognize & respond to infant cues rather than feeding on a set schedule | ||||||
| Few | Some | Many | Most | Not sure | N | |
| All | 0.3 | 3.0 | 19.3 | 77.0 | 0.4 | 2666 |
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Birth center | 0.0 | 1.6 | 6.6 | 91.8 | 0.0 | 122 |
| Government hospital | 0.2 | 4.0 | 25.0 | 70.5 | 0.4 | 529 |
| Non-profit hospital | 0.2 | 2.7 | 18.2 | 78.4 | 0.5 | 1681 |
| Private hospital | 1.0 | 3.6 | 20.1 | 75.0 | 0.3 | 308 |
| Military hospital | 0.0 | 3.8 | 23.1 | 73.1 | 0.0 | 26 |
| Size of facility | ||||||
| 0-249 | 0.3 | 3.8 | 20.0 | 75.4 | 0.5 | 625 |
| 250-499 | 0.0 | 2.5 | 21.0 | 76.2 | 0.2 | 442 |
| 500-999 | 0.4 | 2.9 | 20.3 | 76.1 | 0.4 | 543 |
| 1000-1999 | 0.0 | 3.6 | 15.6 | 80.3 | 0.5 | 552 |
| 2000-4999 | 0.5 | 2.1 | 18.0 | 79.2 | 0.2 | 433 |
| 5000 or more | 1.4 | 1.4 | 31.0 | 64.8 | 1.4 | 71 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 0.6 | 1.7 | 18.4 | 77.7 | 1.7 | 179 |
| No | 0.3 | 3.2 | 20.0 | 76.2 | 0.3 | 2365 |
| Birth center | 0.0 | 1.6 | 6.6 | 91.8 | 0.0 | 122 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | 0.0 | 7.1 | 14.3 | 78.6 | 0.0 | 14 |
| Unknown | ||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 0.3 | 3.7 | 19.5 | 76.0 | 0.5 | 1105 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 0.1 | 3.0 | 20.0 | 76.6 | 0.3 | 1070 |
| Level 3 NICU | 0.6 | 1.5 | 17.4 | 80.1 | 0.4 | 477 |
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 0.0 | 2.6 | 23.1 | 74.1 | 0.3 | 351 |
| Mountain | 0.5 | 3.8 | 26.4 | 67.9 | 1.4 | 212 |
| West North Central | 0.0 | 3.6 | 20.5 | 75.7 | 0.3 | 366 |
| East North Central | 0.0 | 2.4 | 15.0 | 82.4 | 0.2 | 461 |
| West South Central | 1.0 | 5.2 | 23.4 | 70.5 | 0.0 | 308 |
| East South Central | 0.5 | 3.7 | 21.1 | 74.7 | 0.0 | 190 |
| New England | 0.0 | 0.8 | 7.1 | 92.1 | 0.0 | 126 |
| Middle Atlantic | 0.0 | 2.4 | 16.9 | 79.1 | 1.6 | 254 |
| South Atlantic | 0.5 | 2.5 | 17.3 | 79.4 | 0.3 | 398 |
| table 3.4a: Education on limitation to time suckling by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2007 | ||||||
| How often are breastfeeding patients instructed to limit suckling at the breast to a specific length of time | ||||||
| Rarely | Sometimes | Often | Almost always | Not sure | N | |
| All | 35.5 | 24.6 | 20.9 | 16.1 | 2.9 | 2654 |
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Birth center | 65.5 | 12.6 | 3.4 | 15.1 | 3.4 | 119 |
| Government hospital | 27.2 | 22.9 | 22.9 | 24.0 | 3.0 | 525 |
| Non-profit hospital | 38.4 | 25.8 | 20.1 | 12.8 | 2.9 | 1676 |
| Private hospital | 23.1 | 26.3 | 26.6 | 21.4 | 2.6 | 308 |
| Military hospital | 23.1 | 19.2 | 42.3 | 11.5 | 3.8 | 26 |
| Size of facility | ||||||
| 0-249 | 33.8 | 19.5 | 21.6 | 22.1 | 3.1 | 621 |
| 250-499 | 31.6 | 24.3 | 24.1 | 18.2 | 1.8 | 440 |
| 500-999 | 37.1 | 27.1 | 18.6 | 14.0 | 3.1 | 542 |
| 1000-1999 | 36.9 | 26.5 | 20.6 | 13.0 | 3.1 | 548 |
| 2000-4999 | 37.7 | 25.7 | 20.1 | 13.2 | 3.2 | 432 |
| 5000 or more | 38.0 | 31.0 | 18.3 | 9.9 | 2.8 | 71 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 46.4 | 19.6 | 18.4 | 12.3 | 3.4 | 179 |
| No | 33.1 | 25.6 | 21.9 | 16.5 | 2.8 | 2356 |
| Birth center | 65.5 | 12.6 | 3.4 | 15.1 | 3.4 | 119 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
| Unknown | 35.7 | 7.1 | 28.6 | 21.4 | 7.1 | 14 |
| Healthy newborn only | 34.3 | 22.0 | 21.4 | 19.5 | 2.8 | 1097 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 35.2 | 27.3 | 21.0 | 14.1 | 2.3 | 1068 |
| Level 3 NICU | 38.9 | 25.1 | 19.2 | 12.6 | 4.2 | 475 |
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 39.8 | 23.9 | 19.9 | 12.5 | 4.0 | 352 |
| Mountain | 29.2 | 28.3 | 21.2 | 17.0 | 4.2 | 212 |
| West North Central | 35.8 | 21.3 | 24.0 | 15.8 | 3.0 | 366 |
| East North Central | 41.5 | 25.8 | 17.5 | 11.8 | 3.5 | 458 |
| West South Central | 18.8 | 28.2 | 27.2 | 24.6 | 1.3 | 309 |
| East South Central | 24.3 | 19.6 | 26.5 | 28.0 | 1.6 | 189 |
| New England | 61.3 | 21.0 | 10.5 | 5.6 | 1.6 | 124 |
| Middle Atlantic | 41.8 | 25.9 | 17.1 | 12.7 | 2.4 | 251 |
| South Atlantic | 34.1 | 24.9 | 20.6 | 17.3 | 3.1 | 393 |
| table 3.5a: Directly observed breastfeeding assessments by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2007 | ||||||
| How many breastfeeding patients receive a directly observed breastfeeding assessment | ||||||
| Few | Some | Many | Most | Not sure | N | |
| All | 0.2 | 2.9 | 14.7 | 82.1 | 0.2 | 2664 |
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Birth center | 0.0 | 0.8 | 2.5 | 96.7 | 0.0 | 120 |
| Government hospital | 0.6 | 3.2 | 16.6 | 79.4 | 0.2 | 529 |
| Non-profit hospital | 0.1 | 2.7 | 14.7 | 82.3 | 0.2 | 1682 |
| Private hospital | 0.7 | 3.3 | 15.3 | 80.8 | 0.0 | 307 |
| Military hospital | 0.0 | 7.7 | 23.1 | 69.2 | 0.0 | 26 |
| Size of facility | ||||||
| 0-249 | 0.2 | 2.2 | 13.0 | 84.5 | 0.2 | 624 |
| 250-499 | 0.2 | 1.6 | 14.1 | 84.1 | 0.0 | 440 |
| 500-999 | 0.4 | 3.3 | 15.5 | 80.7 | 0.2 | 543 |
| 1000-1999 | 0.0 | 4.3 | 12.7 | 82.6 | 0.4 | 552 |
| 2000-4999 | 0.2 | 2.5 | 18.2 | 79.0 | 0.0 | 434 |
| 5000 or more | 1.4 | 2.8 | 21.1 | 74.6 | 0.0 | 71 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 0.6 | 1.7 | 21.2 | 76.0 | 0.6 | 179 |
| No | 0.2 | 3.0 | 14.8 | 81.8 | 0.1 | 2365 |
| Birth center | 0.0 | 0.8 | 2.5 | 96.7 | 0.0 | 120 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
| Unknown | 0.0 | 0.0 | 21.4 | 78.6 | 0.0 | 14 |
| Healthy newborn only | 0.1 | 2.9 | 13.5 | 83.4 | 0.1 | 1103 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 0.3 | 3.3 | 14.4 | 81.9 | 0.2 | 1070 |
| Level 3 NICU | 0.4 | 1.9 | 17.8 | 79.7 | 0.2 | 477 |
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 0.0 | 2.3 | 14.5 | 83.2 | 0.0 | 351 |
| Mountain | 0.5 | 0.5 | 13.2 | 85.4 | 0.5 | 212 |
| West North Central | 0.3 | 3.6 | 14.8 | 81.4 | 0.0 | 365 |
| East North Central | 0.0 | 2.0 | 11.7 | 86.1 | 0.2 | 461 |
| West South Central | 1.0 | 2.6 | 21.1 | 75.0 | 0.3 | 308 |
| East South Central | 0.5 | 4.2 | 19.5 | 75.8 | 0.0 | 190 |
| New England | 0.0 | 1.6 | 3.2 | 95.2 | 0.0 | 126 |
| Middle Atlantic | 0.0 | 3.9 | 15.0 | 80.7 | 0.4 | 254 |
| South Atlantic | 0.0 | 4.3 | 15.1 | 80.6 | 0.0 | 397 |
| table 3.6a: Use of a standardized breastfeeding assessment tool by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2007 | |||
| Is breastfeeding assessed using a standardized or adapted assessment tool | |||
| Yes | No | N | |
| All | 56.7 | 43.3 | 2623 |
| Type of facility | |||
| Birth center | 26.7 | 73.3 | 116 |
| Government hospital | 46.7 | 53.3 | 518 |
| Non-profit hospital | 62.2 | 37.8 | 1658 |
| Private hospital | 55.4 | 44.6 | 305 |
| Military hospital | 53.8 | 46.2 | 26 |
| Size of facility | |||
| 0-249 | 35.6 | 64.4 | 613 |
| 250-499 | 49.3 | 50.7 | 432 |
| 500-999 | 58.9 | 41.1 | 540 |
| 1000-1999 | 68.8 | 31.2 | 542 |
| 2000-4999 | 73.9 | 26.1 | 426 |
| 5000 or more | 72.9 | 27.1 | 70 |
| Teaching hospital | |||
| Yes | 67.4 | 32.6 | 175 |
| No | 57.4 | 42.6 | 2332 |
| Birth center | 26.7 | 73.3 | 116 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | |||
| Unknown | 71.4 | 28.6 | 14 |
| Healthy newborn only | 44.6 | 55.4 | 1085 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 62.0 | 38.0 | 1054 |
| Level 3 NICU | 72.6 | 27.4 | 470 |
| Census region | |||
| Pacific | 68.1 | 31.9 | 342 |
| Mountain | 61.1 | 38.9 | 211 |
| West North Central | 51.7 | 48.3 | 360 |
| East North Central | 59.9 | 40.1 | 456 |
| West South Central | 42.3 | 57.7 | 305 |
| East South Central | 43.3 | 56.7 | 187 |
| New England | 68.5 | 31.5 | 124 |
| Middle Atlantic | 63.1 | 36.9 | 249 |
| South Atlantic | 55.3 | 44.7 | 389 |
| table 3.7a: Provision of pacifiers by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2007 | ||||||
| How many breastfed infants are given pacifiers by facility staff | ||||||
| Few | Some | Many | Most | Not sure | N | |
| All | 25.3 | 29.8 | 33.4 | 10.6 | 0.8 | 2634 |
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Birth center | 91.6 | 5.0 | 1.7 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 119 |
| Government hospital | 21.4 | 29.0 | 32.8 | 15.8 | 1.0 | 524 |
| Non-profit hospital | 23.4 | 31.8 | 34.6 | 9.3 | 0.8 | 1661 |
| Private hospital | 13.5 | 30.9 | 41.8 | 13.2 | 0.7 | 304 |
| Military hospital | 61.5 | 19.2 | 19.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 26 |
| Size of facility | ||||||
| 0-249 | 36.6 | 28.8 | 24.3 | 9.8 | 0.5 | 614 |
| 250-499 | 20.1 | 26.7 | 40.7 | 12.2 | 0.2 | 442 |
| 500-999 | 18.7 | 29.9 | 38.4 | 11.8 | 1.1 | 541 |
| 1000-1999 | 22.3 | 31.9 | 33.3 | 11.6 | 0.9 | 543 |
| 2000-4999 | 26.0 | 31.9 | 33.6 | 7.3 | 1.2 | 423 |
| 5000 or more | 29.6 | 28.2 | 29.6 | 9.9 | 2.8 | 71 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 26.9 | 30.3 | 29.1 | 11.4 | 2.3 | 175 |
| No | 21.8 | 31.0 | 35.4 | 11.0 | 0.7 | 2340 |
| Birth center | 91.6 | 5.0 | 1.7 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 119 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
| Unknown | 9.1 | 18.2 | 63.6 | 9.1 | 0.0 | 11 |
| Healthy newborn only | 31.5 | 27.7 | 28.8 | 11.2 | 0.7 | 1092 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 18.5 | 31.4 | 38.2 | 11.0 | 0.8 | 1059 |
| Level 3 NICU | 26.7 | 31.4 | 32.6 | 8.3 | 1.1 | 472 |
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 37.0 | 32.7 | 25.5 | 3.7 | 1.1 | 349 |
| Mountain | 23.2 | 30.4 | 36.7 | 9.2 | 0.5 | 207 |
| West North Central | 16.0 | 38.4 | 35.9 | 9.5 | 0.3 | 357 |
| East North Central | 22.0 | 32.2 | 36.1 | 8.4 | 1.3 | 454 |
| West South Central | 23.8 | 22.5 | 34.5 | 18.9 | 0.3 | 307 |
| East South Central | 15.2 | 22.5 | 41.9 | 19.9 | 0.5 | 191 |
| New England | 49.2 | 25.0 | 19.4 | 4.8 | 1.6 | 124 |
| Middle Atlantic | 27.5 | 30.7 | 29.9 | 10.4 | 1.6 | 251 |
| South Atlantic | 25.6 | 26.6 | 35.3 | 11.9 | 0.5 | 394 |