 |
  |
 |
 |
| |
 |
 |
| ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
| ||||||||||
 |
|
|
|
Summary of Notifiable Diseases, United States 1996The following CDC staff members contributed to this report: Myra A. Montalbano Carol M. Knowles Deborah A. Adams Patsy A. Hall Robert F. Fagan Karl A. Brendel Harry R. Holden Gerald F. Jones Division of Public Health Surveillance and Informatics Epidemiology Program Office in collaboration with Willie J. Anderson Office of the Vice President for Health Affairs Emory University Angela Trosclair, M.S. TRW, Inc. Siobhan M. Gilchrist, M.P.H. Klemm Analysis Group Felicia J. Perry MCA Research Corporation Foreword MMWR Summary of Notifiable Diseases, United States, 1996 This publication contains summary tables of the official statistics for the reported occurrence of nationally notifiable diseases in the United States for 1996. These statistics are collected and compiled from reports to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS), which is operated by CDC in collaboration with the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE). Because the dates of onset and dates of diagnosis for notifiable diseases may not always be reported, these surveillance data are presented by the week that they were reported to CDC by public health officials in state and territorial health departments. These data are finalized and published in the MMWR Summary of Notifiable Diseases, United States for use by state and local health departments; schools of medicine and public health; communications media; local, state, and federal agencies; and other agencies or persons interested in following the trends of reportable diseases in the United States. The annual publication of the Summary also documents which diseases are considered national priorities for notification and the annual number of cases of such diseases. Part 1 contains information regarding morbidity for each of the diseases considered nationally notifiable during 1996. The tables provide the number of cases of notifiable diseases reported to CDC for 1996, as well as the distribution of cases by month and geographic location, and by patient's age, sex, race, and Hispanic ethnicity. The data are final totals as of July 25, 1997, unless otherwise noted. Because no cases of anthrax were reported in the United States during 1996, this nationally notifiable disease does not appear in the tables in Part 1. Nationally notifiable diseases that are reportable in fewer than 40 states also do not appear in these tables. In all tables, leprosy is listed as Hansen disease, and tick-borne typhus fever is listed as Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF). Part 2 contains graphs and maps. These graphs and maps depict summary data for many of the notifiable diseases that are described in tabular form in Part 1. Part 3 includes tables that list the number of cases of notifiable diseases reported to CDC since 1967. It also includes a table enumerating deaths associated with specified notifiable diseases reported to the National Center for Health Statistics, CDC, during 1986-1995. Background As of January 1, 1996, 52 infectious diseases were designated as notifiable at the national level. A notifiable disease is one for which regular, frequent, and timely information regarding individual cases is considered necessary for the prevention and control of the disease. This section briefly summarizes the history of the reporting of nationally notifiable diseases in the United States. In 1878, Congress authorized the U.S. Marine Hospital Service (i.e., the forerunner of the Public Health Service {PHS}) to collect morbidity reports regarding cholera, smallpox, plague, and yellow fever from U.S. consuls overseas; this information was to be used for instituting quarantine measures to prevent the introduction and spread of these diseases into the United States. In 1879, a specific Congressional appropriation was made for the collection and publication of reports of these notifiable diseases. The authority for weekly reporting and publication of these reports was expanded by Congress in 1893 to include data from states and municipal authorities. To increase the uniformity of the data, Congress enacted a law in 1902 directing the Surgeon General to provide forms for the collection and compilation of data and for the publication of reports at the national level. In 1912, state and territorial health authorities -- in conjunction with PHS -- recommended immediate telegraphic reporting of five infectious diseases and the monthly reporting, by letter, of 10 additional diseases. The first annual summary of The Notifiable Diseases in 1912 included reports of 10 diseases from 19 states, the District of Columbia, and Hawaii. By 1928, all states, the District of Columbia, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico were participating in national reporting of 29 specified diseases. At their annual meeting in 1950, the State and Territorial Health Officers authorized a conference of state and territorial epidemiologists whose purpose was to determine which diseases should be reported to PHS. In 1961, CDC assumed responsibility for the collection and publication of data concerning nationally notifiable diseases. The list of nationally notifiable diseases is revised periodically. For example, a disease may be added to the list as a new pathogen emerges, or a disease may be deleted as its incidence declines. Public health officials at state health departments and CDC continue to collaborate in determining which diseases should be nationally notifiable; CSTE, with input from CDC, makes recommendations annually for additions and deletions to the list of nationally notifiable diseases. However, reporting of nationally notifiable diseases to CDC by the states is voluntary (for a complete list of all nationally reportable infectious diseases and other conditions, see World-Wide Web site http://www.cste.org). Reporting is currently mandated (i.e., by state legislation or regulation) only at the state level. The list of diseases that are considered notifiable, therefore, varies slightly by state. All states generally report the internationally quarantinable diseases (i.e., cholera, plague, and yellow fever) in compliance with the World Health Organization's International Health Regulations. The 52 Infectious Diseases That Were Designated as Notifiable at the National Level During 1996 ----------------------------------------------- Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Anthrax Botulism * Brucellosis Chancroid * Chlamydia trachomatis, genital infection Cholera Coccidioidomycosis * Congenital rubella syndrome Congenital syphilis Cryptosporidiosis Diphtheria Encephalitis, California Encephalitis, eastern equine Encephalitis, St. Louis Encephalitis, western equine Escherichia coli O157:H7 Gonorrhea Haemophilus influenzae, invasive disease Hansen disease (leprosy) Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome Hemolytic uremic syndrome, post-diarrheal Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis, C/non-A, non-B HIV infection, pediatric Legionellosis Lyme disease Malaria Measles (Rubeola) Meningococcal disease Mumps Pertussis Plague Poliomyelitis, paralytic Psittacosis Rabies, animal Rabies, human Rocky Mountain spotted fever Rubella Salmonellosis * Shigellosis * Streptococcal disease, invasive, group A Streptococcus pneumoniae, drug-resistant * Streptococcal toxic-shock syndrome Syphilis Tetanus Toxic-shock syndrome Trichinosis Tuberculosis Typhoid fever Yellow fever ----------------------------------------------- NOTE: Although varicella is not a nationally notifiable disease, the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists recommends reporting of cases of this disease to CDC.
Data Sources Provisional data concerning the reported occurrence of notifiable diseases are published weekly in MMWR. After each reporting year, staff in state health departments finalize reports of cases for that year with local or county health departments and reconcile the data with reports previously sent to CDC throughout the year; these data are compiled in final form in this summary. Notifiable disease reports (which are published in the annual MMWR Summary of Notifiable Diseases only after approval by the appropriate epidemiologist from each submitting state or territory) are the authoritative and archival counts of cases. Data published in MMWR Surveillance Summaries or other surveillance reports produced by CDC programs, which are useful for detailed epidemiologic analyses, may not agree exactly with data reported in the annual Summary of Notifiable Diseases because of differences in the timing of reports, the source of the data, and the use of different case definitions. Data in this summary were derived primarily from reports transmitted to the Division of Public Health Surveillance and Informatics, Epidemiology Program Office, CDC, by the 50 state, two city, and five territorial health departments through the National Electronic Telecommunications System for Surveillance (NETSS). (For more information regarding NETSS and notifiable diseases, including case definitions for these conditions, see World-Wide Web site http://www.cdc.gov/epo/phs.htm.) Final data for other diseases are from the surveillance-program records of the following CDC programs (requests for further information regarding these data should be directed to the source specified): National Center for Health Statistics ------------------------------------- Office of Vital and Health Statistics Systems (deaths from selected notifiable diseases) National Center for Infectious Diseases --------------------------------------- Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases (toxic-shock syndrome and laboratory data regarding botulism, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Shigella) Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases (laboratory data regarding arboviral encephalitis) Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases (animal rabies) National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHSTP) -------------------------------------------------------- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Surveillance, and Epidemiology (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome {AIDS}) Division of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Prevention (chancroid, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis) Division of Tuberculosis Elimination (tuberculosis) National Immunization Program ----------------------------- Epidemiology and Surveillance Division (poliomyelitis) Disease totals for the United States, unless otherwise stated, do not include data for American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI). Disease totals from American Samoa were unavailable for 1996. Population estimates for states are based on the July 1, 1996, post-censal estimates made by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Population Division, Population Estimates Branch, PPL-57. Because these estimates are unavailable by age and sex for 1996, rates for reported disease occurrences by age group and among males and females use population totals from the 1995 post-censal estimates. Population estimates for territories are from the 1990 census, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Press Releases CB91-142, 242, 243, 263, and 276. Rates in the 1996 Summary of Notifiable Diseases were based on data for the U.S. total-resident population. However, population data from states in which diseases were not notifiable or disease data were not available were excluded from rate calculations. Interpreting Data The data reported in this summary are useful for analyzing disease trends and determining relative disease burdens. However, these data must be interpreted in light of reporting practices. Some diseases that cause severe clinical illness (e.g., plague or rabies), if diagnosed by a clinician, are most likely reported accurately. However, persons who have diseases that are clinically mild and infrequently associated with serious consequences (e.g., salmonellosis) may not even seek medical care from a health-care provider; even if these less severe diseases are diagnosed, they are less likely to be reported. The degree of completeness of reporting also is influenced by the diagnostic facilities that are available; the control measures that are in effect; the public awareness of a specific disease; and the interests, resources, and priorities of state and local officials responsible for disease control and public health surveillance. Finally, factors such as changes in the case definitions for public health surveillance, the introduction of new diagnostic tests, or the discovery of new disease entities may cause changes in disease reporting that are independent of the true incidence of disease. Public health surveillance data are published for selected racial and ethnic population groups because these variables may be risk markers for certain notifiable diseases. Risk markers can identify potential risk factors for investigation in future studies. Data regarding race and ethnicity also can be useful for identifying groups to target for prevention efforts. However, caution must also be used when drawing conclusions from reported data relating to race and ethnicity. Among persons of certain races and ethnicities, there are likely to be differential patterns of access to health care, interest in seeking health care, and detection of disease that would lead to data that are not representative of disease incidence in these populations. In addition, not all data concerning race and ethnicity are collected uniformly for all diseases. For example, the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Surveillance, and Epidemiology and the Division of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Prevention in NCHSTP collect information regarding race and ethnicity using a single variable. A person's racial and ethnic background is reported as either American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian/Pacific Islander, black non-Hispanic, white non-Hispanic, or Hispanic. Additionally, although the recommended standard for classifying a person's race or ethnicity is based on self-reporting, this procedure may not always be followed. Highlights for Selected Infectious Diseases 1996 Arboviral Encephalitis The 1996 national total of 39 laboratory-confirmed California serogroup viral encephalitis cases (all of which were La Crosse encephalitis cases) represents a 95% increase over the 1995 total. This is the largest annual total of such cases reported since 1982. Reports from West Virginia and Ohio account for nearly 100% of the increase. Much of the increase in West Virginia may be attributable to the recent implementation of an active surveillance system for this disease. La Crosse encephalitis is endemic in the eastern United States, where it is associated with exposure to deciduous forests and Aedes triseriatus (the eastern treehole mosquito). Coccidioidomycosis From 1990 through 1995, the number of reported cases of coccidioidomycosis in Arizona increased by 144%. To characterize the trends and impact of coccidioidomycosis in Arizona, the Arizona Department of Health Services analyzed surveillance, death-certificate, and hospital-discharge data. These data indicated that, during 1990-1995, coccidioidomycosis in Arizona disproportionately affected persons aged greater than or equal to 65 years and persons with HIV infection. Cryptosporidiosis National reporting for cryptosporidiosis began in 1995 with 2,972 cases reported from 27 states. In 1996, a total of 2,426 cases were reported from 42 states. Because the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis often is not considered, and because laboratories do not routinely test for Cryptosporidium infection, cryptosporidiosis continues to be underdiagnosed and underreported. Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a pan-American viral zoonosis caused by Sin Nombre virus and other New World hantaviruses which, in the United States, include Bayou virus, Black Creek Canal virus, and New York-1 virus. The identified rodent reservoirs for Sin Nombre, New York-1, Black Creek Canal, and Bayou viruses are Peromyscus maniculatus (deer mouse), Peromyscus leucopus (white-footed mouse), Sigmodon hispidus (cotton rat), and Oryzomys palustris (rice rat), respectively. Cases of HPS have been identified in the continental United States, Canada, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay. As of May 1, 1997, national surveillance for HPS has identified 160 confirmed cases in 26 states (case-fatality rate: 47.5%); 22 of these cases occurred during 1996. Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome In the United States, nearly all cases of post-diarrheal hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) are caused by infection with Escherichia coli O157:H7 or other Shiga toxin-producing organisms. During 1996, the first year of national reporting, 18 states reported 102 cases of post-diarrheal HUS. Median age of patients was 5 years (range: 1-79); 75% of cases occurred from June through October. Hepatitis, viral In 1996, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) issued recommendations for the prevention of hepatitis A through active or passive immunization (MMWR 1996;45{No. RR-15}). The report provides recommendations for use of the recently licensed hepatitis A vaccines (i.e., HAVRIX{Registered}, manufactured by SmithKline Beecham Biologicals, and VAQTA{Registered}, manufactured by Merck & Company, Inc.). For communities with high rates of hepatitis A and periodic outbreaks (peak rates: 700 reported cases per 100,000 population), routine vaccination of children aged 2 years and catch-up vaccination of older children are recommended. To control outbreaks in communities with intermediate rates of hepatitis A (i.e., 50-200 reported cases per 100,000 population), vaccination programs targeting subpopulations with the highest rates of disease may be considered. In these communities, ongoing routine vaccination of young children should be implemented to prevent future outbreaks. HIV Infection in Children and Infants In 1996, a total of 29 states conducted surveillance of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in children. These states reported 249 cases of HIV infection that had not progressed to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and 184 cases of AIDS among children. During 1996, these states received 1,720 additional reports of children who were born to HIV-infected mothers but who require follow up with providers to determine their HIV infection status. Lyme Disease In 1996, a total of 16,455 cases of Lyme disease were reported to CDC by 45 states and the District of Columbia (overall incidence: 6.2 per 100,000 population), representing a 41% increase from the 11,700 cases reported in 1995 and a 26% increase from the 13,043 cases reported in 1994. As in previous years, most cases were reported from the mid-Atlantic, northeast, and north-central regions. Eight states reported Lyme disease incidences that were higher than the overall national rate (Connecticut, 94.8; Rhode Island, 53.9; New York, 29.2; New Jersey, 27.4; Delaware, 23.9; Pennsylvania, 23.3; Maryland, 8.8; and Wisconsin, 7.7); these states accounted for 14,959 (91%) of the nationally reported cases. In 1996, zero cases were reported from five states (i.e., Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, Montana, and South Dakota). The increase in reported Lyme disease cases in 1996 probably represents a combination of increased tick density in the northeastern United States, enhanced health-care provider awareness and reporting, and improved laboratory surveillance. In addition, case reporting has been enhanced through the availability of CDC resources for Lyme disease surveillance in eight states (i.e., Connecticut, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Rhode Island, and West Virginia). Plague In 1996, five cases of plague among humans, two of which were fatal, were reported in the United States (two cases in Arizona, one in Colorado, and two in New Mexico). Both decedents had septicemic plague that was not diagnosed until after they died. One of the persons who died was infected through bites by infective prairie dog fleas; the other was infected by exposure to a pet cat with plague. These cases underscore the need for health-care providers in areas with endemic plague to maintain a high level of awareness about the risk for plague in their patients. Revised recommendations for the use of plague vaccine have been approved by ACIP and published in MMWR (1996;45{No. RR-14}). During 1970-1995, a total of 341 cases of human plague (average: 13 cases per year) were reported in the United States. Of these cases, 80% occurred in the southwestern states of New Mexico, Arizona, and Colorado, 9% were reported from California, and nine other western states reported limited numbers of cases. Most likely modes of transmission were determined for 286 of these cases and included flea bite (n=223; 78%), direct contact with infected animals (n=56; 20%), and inhalation of respiratory droplets from infected animals (n=7; 2%). Five of the seven persons infected by inhalation were known to be exposed to infected domestic cats. The overall mortality was 15%. Yellow Fever In July 1996, a 45-year-old resident of Tennessee planning a trip to Brazil elected not to drive to a nearby city for a recommended immunization with yellow fever (YF) vaccine at a World Health Organization designated Yellow Fever Vaccine Administration Center. After a 9-day fishing trip on the Amazon and Rio Negro rivers, he returned to Tennessee where he soon developed symptoms of fever, chills, headache, joint pains, and myalgias. His condition deteriorated further with development of a coagulopathy, bleeding from multiple sites, and shock. He died on the 6th day of hospitalization. YF virus was isolated from premortem serum specimens and was identified both by polymerase chain reaction and conventional virologic methods. This case was the first recognized and documented importation of YF into the United States since 1924. Non-Notifiable Diseases, 1996 Cyclospora In the spring and early summer of 1996, the largest reported outbreak of cyclosporiasis occurred in North America. A total of 1,465 cases were reported by 20 states and the District of Columbia in the United States and by two provinces in Canada. Of these cases, 725 (49.5%) were associated with 55 events (e.g., luncheons) and the other 740 (50.5%) were sporadic. Consumption of fresh raspberries from Guatemala was associated with illness. Dengue Forty-four laboratory-confirmed cases of dengue were imported into the United States in 1996 and diagnosed at the CDC Dengue Branch. This number is a decrease from the unusually substantial number of cases reported in 1995 (i.e., 86 cases), which was associated with the occurrence of major outbreaks of dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in most tropical countries of the Americas. However, the total number of dengue and DHF cases reported by Pan American Health Organization member countries in 1996 (n=250,707) was only slightly lower than the total for 1995 (n=284,483). Most countries in the region, especially Central America and the Caribbean islands, reported a substantially lower incidence of dengue in 1996, but major increases were noted in Brazil (with 175,751 cases reported), Mexico (20,687 cases), and Trinidad and Tobago (3,983 cases). Nosocomial enterococci In the early 1990s, the percentage of nosocomial enterococci reported from intensive care units (ICUs) as being resistant to vancomycin substantially increased, from 7.1% in 1992 to 11.6% in 1993 and 13.8% in 1994; the increase leveled off in 1995 (12.8%) but has continued its increase in 1996 (16.7%). Data from the hospital-based National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System also indicate that for isolates from outside ICUs, the percentage of resistant enterococci has continued to rise (i.e., from 2.8% in 1992 to 4.8% in 1993 and to 12.2% in 1996). This represents a shift in the hospital location of patients with vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE). International Notes West Nile Fever During the summer of 1996, a substantial epidemic (i.e., approximately 500 clinical cases, nearly 300 of them serologically confirmed) of West Nile fever occurred in Bucharest and southeastern Romania. Most recognized cases manifested as meningitis, encephalitis, or meningoencephalitis. Approximately 5% of confirmed cases were fatal, with the highest case-fatality ratios occurring among elderly persons. The abundant mosquito subspecies Culex pipiens pipiens, which prefers organically polluted water sources for reproduction, was implicated as the urban vector. West Nile virus is a mosquitoborne neurotropic flavivirus that occurs in parts of Africa, Asia, and Europe and is closely related antigenically to St. Louis encephalitis virus, which occurs in North America. O'nyong-nyong Fever During the second half of 1996, an epidemic of o'nyong-nyong fever was documented in rural, south-central Uganda. This represents only the second recognized epidemic of this disease since its initial description in 1962. O'nyong-nyong virus is a mosquitoborne alphavirus that causes a febrile disease characterized by generalized, debilitating joint pains, and often the disease is accompanied by a maculo-papular skin rash and lymphadenopathy. Fatalities are rare, but morbidity often is significant. The typical epidemic mosquito vectors are Anopheles funestus and An. gambiae, two of the region's major malaria vectors. Part 1: Summaries of Notifiable Diseases in the United States Table_A NOTIFIABLE DISEASES -- Summary of reported cases, by month, United States, 1996 Table_B1 NOTIFIABLE DISEASES -- Reported cases, by geographic division and area, United States, 1996 Table_B2 NOTIFIABLE DISEASES -- Reported cases, by geographic division and area, United States, 1996 (continued) Table_B3 NOTIFIABLE DISEASES -- Reported cases, by geographic division and area, United States, 1996 (continued) Table_B4 NOTIFIABLE DISEASES -- Reported cases, by geographic division and area, United States, 1996 (continued) Table_B5 NOTIFIABLE DISEASES -- Reported cases, by geographic division and area, United States, 1996 (continued) Table_B6 NOTIFIABLE DISEASES -- Reported cases, by geographic division and area, United States, 1996 (continued) Table_C NOTIFIABLE DISEASES -- Summary of reported cases, by age group, United States, 1996 Table_D NOTIFIABLE DISEASES -- Summary of reported cases, by sex, United States, 1996 Table_E NOTIFIABLE DISEASES -- Summary of reported cases, by race, United States, 1996 Table_F NOTIFIABLE DISEASES -- Summary of reported cases, by ethnicity, United States, 1996 Part 2: Graphs and Maps for Selected Notifiable Diseases in the United States Explanation of Symbols Used in Tables, Graphs, and Maps Figure_1 ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS) -- reported cases, by quarter, United States, 1985-1986 Figure_2 ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS) -- reported cases, per 100,000 population, United States and Puerto Rico, 1996 Figure_3 ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS) -- reported pediatric cases, United States and Puerto Rico, 1996 Figure_4 ARBOVIRAL INFECTIONS (of the central nervous system) -- reported laboratory-confirmed cases caused by California serogroup viruses, by month of onset, United States, 1987-1996 Figure_5 ARBOVIRAL INFECTIONS (of the central nervous system) -- reported laboratory-confirmed cases caused by eastern equine encephalitis virus, by month of onset, United States, 1987-1996 Figure_6 ARBOVIRAL INFECTIONS (of the central nervous system) -- reported laboratory-confirmed cases caused by St. Louis encephalitis virus, by month of onset, United States, 1987-1996 Figure_7 ARBOVIRAL INFECTIONS (of the central nervous system) -- reported laboratory-confirmed cases caused by western equine encephalitis virus, by month of onset, United States, 1987-1996 Figure_8 BOTULISM (foodborne) -- by year, United States, 1976-1996 Figure_9 BOTULISM (infant) -- by year, United States, 1976-1996 Figure_10 BRUCELLOSIS -- by year, United States, 1966-1996 Figure_11 CHLAMYDIA -- reported cases among women, per 100,000 population, United States, 1996 Figure_12 CHOLERA -- reported cases, United States and territories, 1996 Figure_13 DIPTHERIA -- by year, United States, 1966-1996 Figure_14 ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7 -- reported cases, United States and territories, 1996 Figure_15 ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7 -- reported isolates, United States, 1996 Figure_16 GONORRHEA -- reported cases, per 100,000 population, United States, 1996 Figure_17 GONORRHEA -- by sex, United States, 1981-1996 Figure_18 GONORRHEA -- by race and ethnicity, United States, 1981-1996 Figure_19 HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE, INVASIVE -- by age group, United States, 1996 Figure_20 HANSEN DISEASE (LEPROSY) -- by year, United States, 1966- 1996 Figure_21 HEPATITIS -- by year, United States, 1966-1996 Figure_22 HEPATITIS A -- reported cases, per 100,000 population, United States and territories, 1996 Figure_23 HEPATITIS B -- reported cases, per 100,000 population, nited States and territories, 1996 Figure_24 LEGIONELLOSIS -- by year, United States, 1981-1996 Figure_25 LYME DISEASE -- reported cases, per 100,000 population, United States and territories, 1996 Figure_26 MALARIA -- by year, United States, 1966-1996 Figure_27 MEASLES (rubeola) -- by year, United States, 1961-1996 Figure_28 MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE -- by year, United States, 1966-1996 Figure_29 MUMPS -- by year, United States, 1968-1996 Figure_30 PERTUSSIS (whooping cough) -- by year, United States, 1966-1996 Figure_31 PERTUSSIS (whooping cough) -- by age group, United States, 1996 Figure_32 PLAGUE -- among humans, by year, United States, 1966-1996 Figure_33 POLIOMYELITIS (paralytic) -- by year, United States, 1966-1996 Figure_34 PSITTACOSIS -- by year, United States, 1966-1996 Figure_35 RABIES -- wild and domestic animals, by year, United States and Puerto Rico, 1966-1996 Figure_36 ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER (RMSF) -- by year, United States, 1966-1996 Figure_37 RUBELLA (German measles) -- by year, United States, 1966-1996 Figure_38 SALMONELLOSIS (excluding typhoid fever) -- by year, United States, 1966-1996 Figure_39 SALMONELLA -- serotype of isolate by year, United States, 1971-1996 Figure_40 SHIGELLOSIS -- by year, United States, 1966-1996 Figure_41 SHIGELLA -- species of isolate by year, United States, 1971-1996 Figure_42 SYPHILIS (primary and secondary) -- reported cases, per 100,000 population, United States, 1996 Figure_43 SYPHILIS (primary and secondary) -- by sex, United States, 1981-1996 Figure_44 SYPHILIS (primary and secondary) -- by race and ethnicity, United States, 1981-1996 Figure_45 CONGENITAL SYPHILIS -- in infants 1 year of age, United States, 1966-1996 Figure_46 TETANUS - by year, United States, 1966-1996 Figure_47 TOXIC-SHOCK SYNDROME (TSS) -- by quarter, United States, 1981-1996 Figure_48 TRICHINOSIS -- by year, United States, 1981-1996 Figure_49 TUBERCULOSIS -- reported cases, per 100,000 population, United States and territories, 1996 Figure_50 TUBERCULOSIS -- by year, United States, 1976-1996 Figure_51 TUBERCULOSIS -- by year, among persons born in the United States and foreign-born persons, United States, 1986-1996 Figure_52 TYPHOID FEVER -- by year, United States, 1966-1996 Figure_53 VARICELLA (chickenpox) -- reported cases, per 100,000 population, United States and territories, 1996 Part 3: Historical Summary Tables Table_1 NOTIFIABLE DISEASES -- summary of reported cases, per 100,000 population, United States, 1987-1996 Table_2 NOTIFIABLE DISEASES -- summary of reported cases, 1989-1996 Table_3 NOTIFIABLE DISEASES -- summary of reported cases, United States, 1981-1988 Table_4 NOTIFIABLE DISEASES -- summary of reported cases, United States, 1973-1980 Table_5 NOTIFIABLE DISEASES -- summary of reported cases, United States, 1967-1972 Table_6 NOTIFIABLE DISEASES -- deaths from selected diseases, United States, 1986-1995 Bibliography General CDC. Case definitions for infectious conditions under public health surveillance. MMWR 1997;46(No. RR-10). CDC. Ten leading nationally notifiable infectious diseases -- United States, 1995. MMWR 1996;45:883-4. CDC. Notifiable disease surveillance and notifiable disease statistics
CDC. Manual of procedures for the reporting of nationally notifiable diseases to CDC. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, CDC, 1995. CDC. Sexually transmitted disease surveillance, 1993. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, 1994. CDC. Use of race and ethnicity in public health surveillance. MMWR 1993;42(No. RR-10). CDC. National electronic telecommunications system for surveillance. Informational brochure July 1996. CDC. Mandatory reporting of infectious diseases by clinicians, and mandatory reporting of occupational diseases by clinicians. MMWR 1990;39(No. RR-9). Benenson AS. Control of communicable diseases in man. 16th ed. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association, 1995. Koo D, Wetterhall S. History and current status of the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. J Public Health Management and Practice 1996;2:4-10. Martin SM, Bean NH. Data management issues for emerging diseases and new tools for managing surveillance and laboratory data. Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal 1995;1:124-8. Teutsch SM, Churchill RE, eds. Principles and practice of public health surveillance. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. Thacker SB, Choi K, Brachman PS. The surveillance of infectious diseases. JAMA 1983;249:1181-5. Thacker SB, Stroup DF. Future directions for comprehensive public health surveillance and health information systems in the United States. Am J Epidemiol 1994;140:383-97. AIDS CDC. HIV/AIDS surveillance report -- Year-end edition. 1996;8(2). CDC. AIDS among children -- United States, 1996. MMWR 1996;1005-10. CDC. Update: trends in AIDS incidence, deaths, and prevalence -- United States, 1996. MMWR 1997;165-73. CDC. AIDS associated with injecting drug use -- United States, 1995. MMWR 1996;392-8. Anthrax Brachman PS. Anthrax. In: Hoeprich PD, Jordan MC, Roland AR, eds. Infectious diseases. 5th ed. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott Co., 1994:1003-8. Meselson M, Guillemin J, Hugh-Jones M, et al. The Sverdlovsk anthrax outbreak of 1979. Science 1994;266:1202-8. Arboviral Infections (California serogroup viruses, eastern equine encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, western equine encephalitis) Monath TP, ed. The arboviruses: epidemiology and ecology. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1989. Tsai TF. Arboviral infections in the United States. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1991;5:73-102. Tsai TF. Arboviruses and related zoonotic viruses. In: Oski FJ, ed. Principles and practices of pediatrics. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott Co., 1994:1266-88. Botulism Townes JM, Cieslak PR, Hatheway CL, et al. An outbreak of type A botulism associated with a commercial cheese sauce. Ann Intern Med 1996;125: 558-63. St. Louis ME, Peck SHS, Bowering D, et al. Botulism from chopped garlic: delayed recognition of a major outbreak. Ann Intern Med 1988;108: 363-8. Weber JT, Hatheway CL, St. Louis ME. Botulism. In: Hoeprich PD, Jordan MC, Ronald AR, eds. Infectious diseases: a treatise of infectious processes. 5th ed. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott Co., 1994:1185-94. Woodruff BA, Griffin PM, McCroskey LM, et al. Clinical and laboratory comparison of botulism from toxin types A, B, and E in the United States 1975-1988. J Infect Dis 1992;166:1281-6. Brucellosis Chomel BB, DeBess EE, Mangiamele DM, et al. Changing trends in the epidemiology of human brucellosis in California from 1973 to 1992: a shift toward foodborne transmission. J Infect Dis 1994;170:1216-23. Kaufmann AF, Fox MD, Boyce JM, et al. Airborne spread of brucellosis. Ann NY Acad Sci 1980;353:105-14. Staskiewicz J, Lewis CM, Colville J, Zervos M, Band J. Outbreak of Brucella melitensis among microbiology laboratory workers in a community hospital. J Clin Microbiol 1991;29:287-90. Chancroid CDC. Chancroid in the United States, 1981-1990: evidence for underreporting of cases. MMWR 1992;41(No. SS-3):57-61. DiCarlo RP, Armentor BS, Martin DH. Chancroid epidemiology in New Orleans men. J Infect Dis 1995;172:446-52. CDC. Chancroid detected by polymerase chain reaction -- Jackson, Mississippi, 1994-1995. MMWR 1995;44:567,573-4. Chlamydia trachomatis infection CDC. Recommendations for the prevention and management of Chlamydia trachomatis infections, 1993. MMWR 1993;42(RR-12):1-39. Mosure DJ, Berman S, Kleinbaum D, Halloran ME. Predictors of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among female adolescents: a longitudinal analysis. Amer J Epid 1996;144:997-1003. Mertz KJ, Levine WC, Mosure DJ, Berman SM, Dorian KJ. Trends in the prevalence of chlamydial infections: the impact of community-wide testing. Sexually Transmitted Diseases 1997;24:169-75. CDC. Chlamydia trachomatis genital infections -- United States, 1995. MMWR 1997;46:193-8. Cholera Blake PA. Epidemiology of cholera in the Americas. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1993;22:639-60. Wachsmuth IK, Blake PA, Olsvik O, eds. Vibrio cholerae and cholera: molecular to global perspectives. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 1994. World Health Organization. Guidelines for cholera control. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1993. Mahon BE, Mintz ED, Greene KD, Wells JG, Tauxe RV. Reported cholera in the United States, 1992-1994: a reflection of global changes in cholera epidemiology. JAMA 1996;276:307-12. Cyclospora Herwaldt BL, Ackers ML, Cyclospora Working Group. An outbreak in 1996 of cyclosporiasis associated with imported raspberries. N Engl J Med 1997;336:1548-56. Huang P, Weber JT, Sosin DM, et al. The first reported outbreak of diarrheal illness associated with Cyclospora in the United States. Ann Intern Med 1995;123:409-14. CDC. Update: Outbreaks of Cyclospora cayetenensis infections -- United States and Canada, 1996. MMWR 1997;46:521-3. Soave R. Cyclospora: an overview. Clin Infect Dis 1996;23:429-35. Cryptosporidiosis Juranek DD. Cryptosporidiosis: sources of infection and guidelines for prevention. Clin Infect Dis 1995;21(suppl. 1):S57-S61. CDC. Assessing the public health threat associated with waterborne cryptosporidiosis: report of a workshop. MMWR 1995;44(No. RR-6):1-19. Kramer MH, Herwaldt BL, Craun GF, Calderon RL, Juranek DD. Surveillance for waterborne-disease outbreaks -- United States, 1993-1994. MMWR 1996;45 (No. SS-1). Dengue Rigau-Perez JG, Gubler DJ, Vorndam AV, Clark GG. Dengue in travelers from the United States, 1986-1994. J Travel Med 1997;4:65-71. Diphtheria CDC. Diphtheria acquired by U.S. citizens in the Russian Federation and Ukraine -- 1994. MMWR 1995;44:237,243-4. CDC. Status report on the Childhood Immunization Initiative: reported cases of selected vaccine-preventable diseases -- United States, 1996. MMWR 1997;46:665-71. Hardy IRB, Dittmann S, Sutter RW. Resurgence of diphtheria in the New Independent States of the former Soviet Union: current situation and control strategies. Lancet 1996;347:1739-44. Escherichia coli O157:H7, Hemolytic uremic syndrome Boyce TG, Pemberton AG, Wells JG, Griffin PM. Screening for Escherichia coli O157:H7 -- a nationwide survey of clinical laboratories. J Clin Microbiol 1995;33:3275-7. Griffin PM, Tauxe RV. The epidemiology of infections caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7, other enterohemorrhagic E.coli and the associated hemolytic uremic syndrome. Epidemiol Rev 1991;13:60-98. Martin DL, MacDonald KL, White KE, Soler JT, Osterholm MT. The epidemiology and clinical aspects of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome in Minnesota. N Engl J Med 1990;323:1161-7. Slutsker L, Ries AA, Greene KD, et al. Escherichia coli O157:H7 diarrhea in the United States: clinical and epidemiologic features. Ann Intern Med 1997;126:505-13. Gonorrhea CDC. Surveillance for gonorrhea and primary and secondary syphilis among adolescents -- United States, 1981-1991. MMWR 1993;42(No. SS-3):1-11. CDC. Sentinel surveillance for antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae -- United States, 1988-1991. MMWR 1993;42(No. SS-3):29-39. CDC. Fluoroquinolone resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae -- Colorado and Washington, 1995. MMWR 1995;44:762-4. Gershman KA, Barrow JC. A tale of two sexually transmitted diseases: prevalences and predictors of chlamydia and gonorrhea in women attending Colorado family planning clinics. Sexually Transmitted Diseases 1996;23:481-8. Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome CDC. Hantavirus infection -- Southwestern United States: interim recommendations for risk reduction. MMWR 1993;42(No. RR-11):1-12. Khan AS, Khabbaz RF, Armstrong LR, et al. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: the first 100 US cases. J Infect Dis 1996;173:1297-303. Khan AS, Ksiazek TG, Peters CJ. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Lancet 1996;347:739-41. Haemophilus influenzae, invasive CDC. Recommendations for use of Haemophilus b conjugate vaccines and a combined diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, and Haemophilus b vaccine: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR 1993;42(No. RR-13). Adams WG, Keaver KA, Cochi SL, et al. Decline of childhood Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease in the Hib vaccine era. JAMA 1993;269: 221-6. CDC. Progress toward elimination of Haemophilus influenzae type b disease among infants and children -- United States, 1993-1994. MMWR 1995;44: 545-50. Urwin G, Krohn JA, Deaver-Robinson K, et al. Invasive disease due to Haemophilus influenzae serogroup f: clinical and epidemiologic characteristics in the H. influenzae serotype b vaccine era. Clin Inf Dis 1996;22:1069-76. Hansen Disease (leprosy) Mastro TD, Redd SC, Breiman RF. Imported leprosy in the United States, 1978 through 1988: an epidemic without secondary transmission. Am J Public Health 1992;82:1127-30. Noordeen SK. Epidemiology and control of leprosy -- a review of progress over the last 30 years. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1993;87:515-7. Smith PG. Recent trends in the epidemiology of tuberculosis and leprosy. Trop Geogr Med 1991 July;43(suppl. 3):S22-S29. Hepatitis Alter MJ, Mares A, Hadler SC, Maynard JE. The effect of underreporting on the apparent incidence and epidemiology of acute viral hepatitis. Am J Epidemiol 1987;125:133-9. CDC. Hepatitis surveillance report no. 56. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, 1996. Hepatitis A Shapiro CN, Coleman PJ, McQuillan GM, et al. Epidemiology of hepatitis A: seroepidemiology and risk groups in the U.S.A. Vaccine 1992;10 (suppl. 1):S59-S62. Lemon SM, Shapiro CN. The value of immunization against hepatitis A. Infectious Agents and Disease 1994;1:38-49. Hepatitis B Margolis HS, Alter MJ, Hadler SC. Hepatitis B: evolving epidemiology and implications for control. Semin Liver Dis 1991;11:84-92. Hepatitis, C/Non-A, non-B Alter MJ. Epidemiology of hepatitis C in the West. Seminars in Liver Disease 1995;15:5-14. Alter MJ, Margolis HS, Krawczynski K, et al. The natural history of community-acquired hepatitis C in the United States. N Engl J Med 1992;327:1899-905. Legionellosis Jernigan DB, Hofmann J, Cetron MS, et al. Outbreak of Legionnaires' disease among cruise ship passengers exposed to a contaminated whirlpool spa. Lancet 1996;347:494-9. Keller DW, Hajjeh R, DeMaria A Jr, et al. Community outbreak of legionnaires' disease: an investigation confirming the potential for cooling towers to transmit legionella species. Clin Infect Dis 1996;22:257-61. Marston BJ, Lipman HB, Breiman RF. Surveillance for legionnaires' disease: risk factors for morbidity and mortality. Arch Intern Med 1994;154: 2417-22. Miller LA, Beebe JL, Butler JC, et al. Use of polymerase chain reaction in n epidemiologic investigation of Pontiac fever. J Infect Dis 1993;168: 769-72. Lyme disease CDC. Lyme disease -- United States, 1996. MMWR 1997;46:531-5. CDC. Recommendations for test performance and interpretation from the Second National Conference on Serologic Diagnosis of Lyme Disease. MMWR 1995;44:590-1. Dennis DT. Lyme disease. Dermatologic Clinics 1995;13:537-51. Malaria CDC. Local transmission of Plasmodium vivax malaria -- Houston, Texas, 1994. MMWR 1994;44:295. Lobel HO, Miani M, Eng T, Bernard KW, Hightower AW, Campbell CC. Long-term malaria prophylaxis with weekly mefloquine. Lancet 1993;341:848-51. Zucker JR, Campbell CC. Malaria: principles of prevention and treatment. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1993;7:547-67. Measles CDC. Measles prevention: recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee. MMWR 1989;38(No. SS-9):1-18. CDC. Measles -- United States, 1996. MMWR 1997;46:242-6. CDC. Measles -- United States, 1995. MMWR 1996;45:305-7. Meningococcal disease CDC. Laboratory-based surveillance for meningococcal disease in selected areas -- United States, 1989-1991. MMWR 1993;42(No. SS-2):21-30. CDC. Control and prevention of meningococcal disease and control and prevention of serogroup C meningococcal disease: evaluation and management of suspected outbreaks -- recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR 1997;46 (No. RR-5). CDC. Serogroup Y meningococcal disease -- Illinois, Connecticut, and selected areas, United States, 1989-1996. MMWR 1996;45:1010-3. Fischer M, Perkins BA. Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B: emergence of the ET-5 complex. Sem Pediatr Infect Dis 1997;8:50-6. Mumps Briss PA, Fehrs LJ, Parker RA, et al. Sustained transmission of mumps in a highly vaccinated population: assessment of primary vaccine failure and waning vaccine-induced immunity. J Infect Dis 1994;169:77-82. CDC. Mumps prevention. MMWR 1989;38:388-92,397-400. CDC. Mumps surveillance -- United States, 1988-1993. MMWR 1995;44 (No. SS-3):1-14. Hersch BS, Fine PEM, Kent WK, et al. Mumps outbreak in a highly vaccinated population. J Pediatr 1991;119:187-93. Pertussis CDC. Pertussis -- United States, January 1992-June 1995. MMWR 1995;44: 525-9. CDC. Pertussis vaccination: use of acellular pertussis vaccines among infants and young children -- recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR 1997;46 (No. RR-7):1-25. Guris D, Strebel PM, Tachdjian R, Bardenheier B, Wharton M, Hadler SC. Effectiveness of the pertussis vaccination program as determined by use of the screening method: United States, 1992-1994. J Inf Dis 1997;176. Plague Craven RB, Barnes AM. Plague and tularemia. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1991;5:165-75. Poland JD, Quan TJ, Barnes AM. Plague. In: Beran GW, ed. CRC handbook series in zoonoses: section A -- bacterial , rickettsial and mycotic diseases. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Inc., 1994;93-112. Poliomyelitis CDC. Poliomyelitis prevention in the United States: introduction of a sequential vaccination schedule of inactivated poliovirus vaccine followed by oral poliovirus vaccine -- recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR 1997;46(No. RR-3): 1-25. CDC. Paralytic poliomyelitis -- United States, 1980-1994. MMWR 1997;46: 79-83. Prevots DR, Sutter RW, Strebel PM, Weibel RE, Cochi SL. Completeness of reporting for paralytic poliomyelitis, United States, 1980 through 1991. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1994;148:479-85. Strebel PM, Sutter RW, Cochi SL, et al. Epidemiology of poliomyelitis in the United States one decade after the last reported case of indigenous wild virus-associated disease. Clin Infect Dis 1992;14: 568-79. Psittacosis CDC. Human psittacosis linked to a bird distributor in Mississippi -- Massachusetts and Tennessee, 1992. MMWR 1992;41:794-7. Jorgensen DM. Gestational psittacosis in a Montana sheep rancher. Emerg Infect Dis 1997;3:191-4. National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians. Compendium of chlamydiosis (psittacosis) control, 1995. JAVMA 1995;206:1874-9. Wong KH, Skelton SK, Daugharty H. Utility of complement fixation and microimmunofluorescence assays for detecting serologic responses in patients with clinically diagnosed psittacosis. J Clin Microbiol 1994;32:2417-21. Rabies CDC. Compendium of animal rabies control, 1997. MMWR 1997;46(No. RR-4). CDC. Rabies prevention -- United States, 1991: recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP). MMWR 1991;40 (No. RR-3). Krebs JW, Strine TW, Smith JS, Noah DL, Rupprecht CE, Childs JE. Rabies surveillance in the United States during 1995. JAVMA 1996;209:2031-44. Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) Dalton MJ, Clarke MJ, Holman RC, et al. National surveillance for Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 1981-1992: epidemiologic summary and evaluation of risk factors for fatal outcome. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1995;52:405-13. Woodward TE. Rocky Mountain spotted fever: epidemiological and early clinical signs are keys to treatment and reduced mortality. J Infect Dis 1984;150:465-8. Salgo MP, Telzak EE, Currie B, et al. A focus of Rocky Mountain spotted fever within New York City. N Engl J Med 1988;318:1345-8. Rubella CDC. Rubella prevention: recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP). MMWR 1990;39(No. RR-15). CDC. Outbreaks of rubella among the Amish -- United States, 1991. MMWR 1991;40:264. CDC. Rubella and congenital rubella syndrome -- United States, January 1, 1991-May 7, 1994. MMWR 1994;43:391,397-401. Lindegren ML, Fehrs LJ, Hadler SC, Hinman AR. Update: rubella and congenital rubella syndrome, 1980-1990. Epidemiol Rev 1991;13:341-8. Salmonellosis Mahon BE, P˝nka A, Hall WN, et al. An international outbreak of Salmonella infections caused by alfalfa sprouts grown from contaminated seeds. J Infect Dis 1997;175:876-82. Mermin J, Hoar B, Angulo FJ. Iguanas and Salmonella Marina infection in children: a reflection of the incidence of reptile-associated salmonellosis in the United States. Pediatrics 1997;99:399-402. CDC. Multidrug-resistant Salmonella serotype Typhimurium -- United States, 1996. MMWR 1997;46:308-10. Hennessy TW, Hedberg CW, Slutsker L, et al. A national outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis infections from ice cream. New Engl J Med 1996;334:1281-6. CDC. Outbreaks of Salmonella serotype Enteritidis infection associated with consumption of raw shell eggs -- United States, 1994-1995. MMWR 1996; 45:737-42. Shigellosis Lee LA, Shapiro CN, Hargrett-Bean N, Tauxe RV. Hyperendemic shigellosis in the United States: a review of surveillance data for 1967-1988. J Infect Dis 1991;164:894-900. Mohle-Boetani JC, Stapleton M, Finger R, et al. Communitywide shigellosis: control of an outbreak and risk factors in child day-care centers. Am J Public Health 1995;85:812-6. Parsonnet J, Greene KD, Gerber AR, et al. Shigella dysenteriae type 1 infections in U.S. travelers to Mexico. Lancet 1989:543-5. Ries AA, Wells JG, Olivola D, et al. Epidemic Shigella dysenteriae type 1 in Burundi: panresistance and implications for prevention. J Infect Dis 1994;169:1035-41. Syphilis Thomas JC, Kulik AL, Schoenbach VJ. Syphilis in the south: rural rates in North Carolina. Am J Public Health 1995;85:1119-22. St. Louis ME, Farley TA, Aral SO. Untangling the persistence of syphilis in the south. Sex Transm Dis 1996;23:1-4. Nakashima AK, Rolfs RT, Flock ML, Kilmarx P, Greenspan JR. Epidemiology of syphilis in the United States, 1941-1993. Sex Transm Dis 1996;23: 16-23. CDC. Outbreak of primary and secondary syphilis -- Baltimore City, Maryland, 1995. MMWR 1996;45:166-9. Syphilis Congenital CDC. Guidelines for the prevention and control of congenital syphilis. MMWR 1988;37(No. S-1):1-13. CDC. Surveillance for geographic and secular trends in congenital syphilis
Coles BF, Hipp SS, Silberstein GS, Chen JH. Congenital syphilis surveillance in upstate New York, 1989-1992: implications for prevention and clinical management. J Infect Dis 1995;171:732-5. Risser WL, Hwang LY. Problems in the current case definitions of congenital syphilis. J Pediatr 1996;129:499-505. Tetanus Izurieta HS, Sutter RW, Strebel PM, et al. Tetanus surveillance -- United States 1991-1994. MMWR 1997;46(No. SS-2):15-25. Gergen PJ, McQuillan GM, Kiely M, Ezzati-Rice TM, Sutter RW, Virella G. A population-based serologic survey of immunity to tetanus in the United States. N Engl J Med 1995;332:761-6. Prevots R, Sutter R, Strebel PM, Cochi S, Hadler S. Tetanus surveillance -- United States, 1989-1990. MMWR 1992;41(No. SS-8):1-9. Sutter RW, Cochi SL, Brink EW, Sirotkin BI. Assessment of vital statistics and surveillance data for monitoring tetanus mortality, United States, 1979-1984. Am J Epidemiol 1990;131:132-42. Toxic-shock syndrome CDC. Reduced incidence of menstrual toxic shock syndrome -- United States, 1980-1990. MMWR 1990;39:421-3. Gaventa S, Reingold AL, Hightower AW, et al. Active surveillance for toxic shock syndrome in the United States, 1986. Rev Infect Dis 1989;11 (suppl.):S28-S34. Schuchat A, Broome CV. Toxic shock syndrome and tampons. Epidemiol Rev 1991;13:99-112. Trichinosis CDC. Trichinosis surveillance -- United States, 1987-1990. MMWR 1991;40 (No. SS-3):35-42. McAuley JB, Michelson MK, Hightower AW, Engeran S, Wintermeyer LA, Schantz PM. A trichinosis outbreak among Southeast Asian refugees. Am J Epidemiol 1992;135:1404-10. CDC. Outbreak of trichinellosis associated with eating cougar jerky -- Idaho, 1995. MMWR 1996;45:205-6. Schantz PM, Moore AC, Munoz JM, et al. Neurocysticercosis in an orthodox Jewish community in New York City. N Engl J Med 1992;327:692-5. Tuberculosis American Thoracic Society, CDC. Treatment of tuberculosis and tuberculosis infection in adults and children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994;149: 1359-74. CDC. Recommendations for counting reported tuberculosis cases. In: Reported tuberculosis in the United States, 1996. July 1997:61-8. CDC. Tuberculosis morbidity -- United States, 1996. MMWR 1997;46:695-700. Typhoid fever CDC. Typhoid immunization: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. MMWR 1994;43(No. RR-14). Woodruff BA, Pavia AT, Blake PA. A new look at typhoid vaccination: information for the practicing physician. JAMA 1991;265:756-9. Mermin JH, Townes JM, Gerber M, Dolan N, Mintz ED, Tauxe RV. Typhoid fever in the United States, 1985-1994: changing risks of international travel and increasing antimicrobial resistance. Arch Inter Med 1997 (in press). Varicella CDC. Varicella-related deaths among adults -- United States, 1997. MMWR 1997;46:409-12. CDC. Prevention of varicella: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR 1996;45(No. RR-11):1-36.
Plotkin, SA. Varicella vaccine {Commentary}. Pediatrics
1996;97:251-3.
White CJ. Varicella-zoster virus vaccine. Clin Infect Dis
1997;24:753-63. NOTIFIABLE DISEASES -- Summary of reported cases, by month, United States, 1996 ============================================================================================================================================================================ NAME Total Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Unk. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ AIDS * 66,885 4,326 5,674 6,696 5,181 6,576 5,743 5,737 5,455 6,215 5,182 5,611 4,489 - Botulism, total 127 14 6 11 6 7 15 8 11 15 7 12 15 - Brucellosis 112 4 1 7 8 7 8 16 8 9 9 10 25 - Chancroid + 386 ........... 101 ........ ........... 120 ........ ............ 95 ....... ............ 70........ - Chlamydia +& 498,884 ....... 114,649 ........ ....... 117,189 ........ ....... 116,203 ....... ....... 150,843 ....... - Cholera 4 - - 1 1 - - - - - 1 - 1 - Diphtheria 2 - 1 - - - - - - - - 1 - - Escherichia coli O157:H7 2,741 40 54 72 86 108 304 380 477 445 282 265 228 - Gonorrhea + 325,883 ........ 77,686 ........ ........ 76,626 ........ ........ 82,799 ....... ........ 88,772 ....... - Haemophilus influenzae, invasive 1,170 87 101 125 107 83 98 81 73 45 56 69 245 - Hansen disease (leprosy) 112 4 9 14 5 6 13 3 14 8 12 14 10 - Hepatitis A 31,032 1,608 2,159 2,723 2,048 2,084 2,861 2,174 2,585 2,488 2,956 2,854 4,492 - Hepatitis B 10,637 500 606 921 832 775 1,039 831 918 800 801 994 1,620 - Hepatitis, C/non-A non-B 3,716 171 252 342 291 312 409 265 316 254 279 320 505 - Legionellosis 1,198 55 52 67 68 49 83 74 138 97 176 155 184 - Lyme disease 16,455 159 342 427 381 380 1,145 2,427 3,636 2,543 1,368 1,561 2,086 - Malaria 1,800 88 71 100 79 116 149 168 250 173 176 142 288 - Measles (rubeola) 508 2 15 50 45 58 92 54 110 23 26 16 17 - Meningococcal disease 3,437 337 334 357 285 260 318 193 175 153 205 377 443 - Mumps 751 32 68 60 53 73 80 46 69 53 51 65 101 - Pertussis (whooping cough) 7,796 89 207 408 319 348 520 371 1,066 874 750 1,275 1,569 - Plague 5 - - - - - - - - 1 3 1 - - Poliomyelitis, paralytic 5 - - - 1 - - - - 1 - 3 - - Psittacosis 42 3 2 1 5 5 - 4 3 2 8 5 4 - Rabies, animal 6,982 215 324 632 553 539 672 613 981 632 596 605 620 - Rabies, human 3 - - - - - - - 1 - - 1 1 - Rocky Mountain spotted fever 831 3 8 13 13 44 119 117 168 76 76 44 150 - Rubella (German measles) 238 9 12 25 23 18 40 72 12 5 3 2 17 - Rubella, congenital syndrome 4 - - 1 - - - - - - - - 3 - Salmonellosis 45,471 1,919 2,337 2,946 2,198 2,742 4,487 4,263 5,957 4,703 4,766 4,027 5,126 - Shigellosis 25,978 1,219 1,394 1,647 1,380 1,716 2,351 2,089 2,965 2,198 2,560 2,685 3,774 - Syphilis, total all stages + 52,976 ........ 14,683 ........ ........ 14,146 ........ ........ 12,607 ....... ........ 11,540 ....... - Primary and secondary + 11,387 ......... 3,308 ........ ......... 2,827 ........ ......... 2,733 ....... ......... 2,519 ....... - Congenital <1 year + 1,162 ........... 346 ........ ........... 302 ........ ........... 277 ....... ........... 237 ....... - Tetanus 36 - 1 2 4 1 6 1 6 3 2 5 5 - Toxic-shock syndrome 145 8 13 10 12 10 10 13 17 6 9 14 23 - Trichinosis 11 1 - 1 2 3 - - 2 - 1 1 - - Tuberculosis @ 21,337 794 1,308 1,624 1,689 1,953 1,997 1,769 1,983 1,509 1,829 1,517 3,365 - Typhoid fever 396 11 29 41 30 36 38 28 31 58 30 30 34 - Varicella (chickenpox) ** 83,511 6,267 8,384 12,214 10,102 11,965 8,858 3,093 1,594 1,075 4,002 6,305 9,652 - Yellow fever 1 - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * The total number of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases includes all cases reported to the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Surveillance, and Epidemiology, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHSTP) through December 31, 1996. + Cases were updated through the Division of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Prevention, NCHSTP, as of June 13, 1997. & Chlamydia refers to genital infections caused by C. trachomatis. @ Cases were updated through the Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, NCHSTP, as of May 28, 1997. ** Not nationally notifiable. ============================================================================================================================================================================ Return to top. Table_B1 Note: To print large tables and graphs users may have to change their printer settings to landscape and use a small font size.
NOTIFIABLE DISEASES -- Reported cases, by geographic division and area,
United States, 1996
============================================================================================================================
Total resident Botulism
population ------------------
Area (in thousands) AIDS * Foodborne Infant Brucellosis Chancroid + Chlamydia +
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 265,284 66,885 25 80 112 386 498,884
NEW ENGLAND 13,350 2,765 - 2 2 3 17,036
Maine 1,243 50 - - - - 967
N.H. 1,162 93 - 1 - 1 732
Vt. 589 25 - - - - 398
Mass. 6,092 1,307 - - 2 2 6,837
R.I. 990 178 - - - - 1,833
Conn. 3,274 1,112 - 1 - - 6,269
MID. ATLANTIC 38,229 18,340 - 15 3 186 58,003
N.Y. (excl. NYC) 10,856 2,427 - - 1 1 NN
N.Y. City 7,329 9,952 - 2 - 181 26,455
N.J. 7,988 3,613 - 7 1 4 12,273
Pa. 12,056 2,348 - 6 1 - 19,275
E.N. CENTRAL 43,615 5,191 - 2 12 29 85,572
Ohio 11,173 1,161 - 1 2 6 20,653
Ind. 5,841 596 - 1 - 1 10,334
Ill. 11,847 2,199 - - 8 20 24,430
Mich. 9,594 965 - - 1 - 19,865
Wis. 5,160 270 - - 1 2 10,290
W.N. CENTRAL 18,469 1,639 - 3 8 2 31,212
Minn. 4,658 304 - 1 1 - 5,607
Iowa 2,852 112 - - 4 - 4,165
Mo. 5,359 858 - 1 2 - 11,959
N. Dak. 644 12 - - - - 1,016
S. Dak. 732 14 - - - - 1,538
Nebr. 1,652 100 - - - - 2,478
Kans. 2,572 239 - 1 1 2 4,449
S. ATLANTIC 47,616 16,621 - 4 10 28 101,842
Del. 725 285 - - - - 2,271
Md. 5,072 2,253 - 1 - 2 20,705
D.C. 543 1,262 - - - - 1,998
Va. 6,675 1,195 - 3 - 1 11,756
W. Va. 1,826 121 - - - - 2,325
N.C. 7,323 895 - - 2 14 15,078
S.C. 3,699 869 - - 1 8 9,391
Ga. 7,353 2,411 - - - - 13,555
Fla. 14,400 7,330 - - 7 3 24,763
E.S. CENTRAL 16,193 2,284 2 2 4 3 32,587
Ky. 3,884 401 1 2 - - 6,805
Tenn. 5,320 826 1 - 2 2 13,125
Ala. 4,273 607 - - 2 - 8,306
Miss. 2,716 450 - - - 1 4,351
W.S. CENTRAL 29,290 6,841 2 9 25 124 63,513
Ark. 2,510 269 - - - 1 2,111
La. 4,351 1,470 - 2 1 58 11,020
Okla. 3,301 272 - - 1 - 7,379
Tex. 19,128 4,830 2 7 23 65 43,003
MOUNTAIN 16,116 2,024 6 4 6 2 29,695
Mont. 879 34 - - - - 1,124
Idaho 1,189 39 3 - 2 - 1,524
Wyo. 481 7 - - 1 - 621
Colo. 3,823 522 1 2 1 - 7,282
N. Mex. 1,713 205 - - 1 - 4,007
Ariz. 4,428 594 1 - 1 2 10,692
Utah 2,000 196 - 2 - - 1,598
Nev. 1,603 427 1 - - - 2,847
PACIFIC 42,406 11,111 15 39 42 9 79,424
Wash. 5,533 804 4 - 2 1 9,236
Oreg. 3,204 463 - 2 2 - 5,457
Calif. 31,878 9,610 3 35 36 8 61,555
Alaska 607 36 8 - - - 1,360
Hawaii 1,184 198 - 2 2 - 1,816
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Guam 133 4 - - - - 304
P.R. 3,783 2,243 - - - 2 2,481
V.I. 102 18 - - - - 11
American Samoa 47 - NA NA NA NA NA
C.N.M.I. 43 - - - - NA NA
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Totals reported to Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Surveillance, and Epidemiology, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB
Prevention (NCHSTP), through December 31, 1996. Total includes 69 cases in persons whose state of residence was unknown.
+ Cases were updated through the Division of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Prevention, NCHSTP, as of June 13, 1997.
============================================================================================================================
Return to top. Table_B2 Note: To print large tables and graphs users may have to change their printer settings to landscape and use a small font size.
NOTIFIABLE DISEASES -- Reported cases, by geographic division and area,
United States, 1996 (continued)
===============================================================================================================================
Escherichia coli O157:H7 Haemophilus
------------------------ influenzae,
Area Cholera Diphtheria NETSS * PHLIS + Gonorrhea & invasive
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 4 2 2,741 1,862 325,883 1,170
NEW ENGLAND - - 346 205 6,318 55
Maine - - 23 - 55 1
N.H. - - 39 40 153 13
Vt. - - 36 34 47 2
Mass. - - 162 131 2,189 36
R.I. - - 16 - 486 2
Conn. - - 70 - 3,388 1
MID. ATLANTIC - 1 241 102 40,128 213
N.Y. (excl. NYC) - - 159 12 7,606 50
N.Y. City - 1 20 11 12,998 57
N.J. - - 62 57 8,721 65
Pa. - - NN 22 10,803 41
E.N. CENTRAL 1 1 564 447 59,159 191
Ohio - - 155 107 14,946 95
Ind. - 1 89 57 6,638 21
Ill. - - 220 139 17,964 50
Mich. 1 - 100 73 15,130 12
Wis. - - NN 71 4,481 13
W.N. CENTRAL - - 564 437 15,684 63
Minn. - - 239 242 2,697 48
Iowa - - 123 105 1,145 4
Mo. - - 74 57 8,421 8
N. Dak. - - 19 17 37 -
S. Dak. - - 26 - 176 1
Nebr. - - 50 4 1,164 1
Kans. - - 33 12 2,044 1
S. ATLANTIC 1 - 157 95 96,386 273
Del. - - 3 2 1,456 2
Md. - - 3 9 11,592 76
D.C. - - 3 - 4,432 5
Va. - - NN 36 9,293 11
W. Va. - - NN 3 736 11
N.C. - - 47 17 18,229 26
S.C. - - 13 11 11,661 5
Ga. - - 39 - 19,806 52
Fla. 1 - 49 17 19,181 85
E.S. CENTRAL - - 88 72 35,849 45
Ky. - - 18 12 4,229 6
Tenn. - - 42 57 11,709 25
Ala. - - 15 3 13,169 13
Miss. - - 13 - 6,742 1
W.S. CENTRAL 1 - 89 17 42,392 44
Ark. - - 13 6 5,056 -
La. 1 - 9 4 9,315 6
Okla. - - 14 3 4,897 32
Tex. - - 53 4 23,124 6
MOUNTAIN - - 218 113 7,445 57
Mont. - - 27 - 38 1
Idaho - - 40 13 98 1
Wyo. - - 11 9 41 -
Colo. - - 80 45 1,367 16
N. Mex. - - 14 4 890 11
Ariz. - - NN 29 3,709 20
Utah - - 29 - 277 8
Nev. - - 17 13 1,025 -
PACIFIC 1 - 474 374 22,522 229
Wash. - - 187 167 2,020 10
Oreg. - - 98 70 887 33
Calif. 1 - 184 124 18,652 178
Alaska - - 5 4 466 6
Hawaii - - NN 9 497 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Guam 1 - - NA 56 -
P.R. - - 44 NA 648 2
V.I. - - - NA 12 -
American Samoa NA NA NA NA NA NA
C.N.M.I. 1 - - NA NA 10
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* National Electronic Telecommunications System for Surveillance.
+ Public Health Laboratory Information System. Cases were updated through the National Center for Infectious Diseases through
July 17, 1997.
& Cases were updated through the Division of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Prevention, NCHSTP, as of June 13, 1997.
===============================================================================================================================
Return to top. Table_B3 Note: To print large tables and graphs users may have to change their printer settings to landscape and use a small font size.
NOTIFIABLE DISEASES -- Reported cases, by geographic division and area,
United States, 1996 (continued)
================================================================================================
Hepatitis
Hansen -----------------------------
disease C/non-A, Legionel- Lyme
Area (leprosy) A B non-B losis disease Malaria
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 112 31,032 10,637 3,716 1,198 16,455 1,800
NEW ENGLAND 4 456 255 113 80 4,095 84
Maine - 28 8 - 5 63 10
N.H. - 22 21 7 4 47 4
Vt. - 12 14 26 5 26 8
Mass. 4 229 111 74 34 321 32
R.I. - 26 19 6 32 534 12
Conn. - 139 82 - NN 3,104 18
MID. ATLANTIC 5 1,985 1,413 337 263 10,305 467
N.Y. (excl. NYC) - 438 358 272 80 4,900 96
N.Y. City 5 609 491 3 19 401 269
N.J. - 394 279 - 15 2,190 68
Pa. - 544 285 62 149 2,814 34
E.N. CENTRAL - 2,619 1,103 490 360 498 170
Ohio - 785 120 35 116 32 15
Ind. - 367 143 8 51 32 15
Ill. - 763 335 93 38 10 83
Mich. - 506 416 354 109 28 41
Wis. - 198 89 - 46 396 16
W.N. CENTRAL 2 2,656 572 111 71 365 51
Minn. 2 176 94 10 15 251 26
Iowa - 334 74 53 11 19 3
Mo. - 1,414 326 23 18 52 11
N. Dak. - 140 2 - - 2 1
S. Dak. - 43 5 - 3 - -
Nebr. - 156 39 9 18 5 3
Kans. - 393 32 16 6 36 7
S. ATLANTIC 4 1,960 1,573 235 197 823 340
Del. - 21 9 1 12 173 4
Md. - 256 169 4 39 447 87
D.C. - 39 32 - 9 3 9
Va. 1 218 163 17 54 57 60
W. Va. NN 19 36 9 NN 12 6
N.C. - 204 337 46 12 66 30
S.C. - 57 101 34 8 9 13
Ga. 1 414 61 - 3 1 38
Fla. 2 732 665 124 60 55 93
E.S. CENTRAL - 1,273 914 590 59 83 42
Ky. - 53 76 29 11 26 12
Tenn. - 778 516 400 26 24 14
Ala. - 217 78 8 5 9 8
Miss. - 225 244 153 17 24 8
W.S. CENTRAL 31 6,807 1,616 515 53 175 158
Ark. 1 500 93 8 1 27 2
La. 1 261 209 292 4 9 12
Okla. - 2,586 56 7 16 42 3
Tex. 29 3,460 1,258 208 32 97 141
MOUNTAIN 2 4,573 1,164 555 58 9 65
Mont. - 130 21 20 1 - 7
Idaho 1 247 88 99 - 2 -
Wyo. - 41 45 179 7 3 7
Colo. - 512 132 64 12 - 26
N. Mex. - 355 417 77 2 1 3
Ariz. - 1,767 237 76 21 - 9
Utah 1 1,073 129 19 8 1 5
Nev. - 448 95 21 7 2 8
PACIFIC 64 8,703 2,027 770 57 102 423
Wash. 1 1,001 158 66 8 18 41
Oreg. - 875 129 8 - 19 24
Calif. 48 6,653 1,710 479 43 64 343
Alaska - 54 16 NA 1 - 3
Hawaii 15 120 14 217 5 1 12
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Guam - 7 1 6 1 - -
P.R. - 292 1,195 180 - - 2
V.I. - 41 44 - 1 - 1
American Samoa NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
C.N.M.I. - 1 5 - - - -
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
================================================================================================
Return to top. Table_B4 Note: To print large tables and graphs users may have to change their printer settings to landscape and use a small font size.
NOTIFIABLE DISEASES -- Reported cases, by geographic division and area,
United States, 1996 (continued)
=======================================================================================================
Measles Meningo- Polio-
------------------------ coccal myelitis,
Area Indigenous Imported * disease Mumps Pertussis Plague paralytic
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 443 65 3,437 751 7,796 5 5
NEW ENGLAND 13 4 171 5 1,866 - -
Maine - - 15 - 55 - -
N.H. - - 13 1 197 - -
Vt. 1 1 4 1 280 - -
Mass. 9 3 71 1 1,245 - -
R.I. 1 - 18 1 40 - -
Conn. 2 - 50 1 49 - -
MID. ATLANTIC 24 14 381 96 952 - 1
N.Y. (excl. NYC) 3 9 102 28 533 - -
N.Y. City 8 3 56 20 61 - -
N.J. 3 - 79 4 31 - 1
Pa. 10 2 144 44 327 - -
E.N. CENTRAL 14 7 475 135 837 - 1
Ohio 4 2 159 52 289 - 1
Ind. - - 64 8 128 - -
Ill. 2 1 142 24 192 - -
Mich. - 3 51 48 59 - -
Wis. 8 1 59 3 169 - -
W.N. CENTRAL 21 3 264 24 573 - -
Minn. 17 2 39 7 433 - -
Iowa - 1 56 3 32 - -
Mo. 3 - 98 10 74 - -
N. Dak. - - 5 2 1 - -
S. Dak. - - 10 - 4 - -
Nebr. - - 29 - 15 - -
Kans. 1 - 27 2 14 - -
S. ATLANTIC 3 9 659 131 793 - 1
Del. 1 - 3 - 26 - -
Md. - 2 58 37 278 - -
D.C. - - 5 - 4 - -
Va. - 3 67 19 108 - -
W. Va. - - 18 - 7 - -
N.C. 1 1 79 27 186 - -
S.C. - - 65 7 49 - -
Ga. 1 2 147 9 35 - -
Fla. - 1 217 32 100 - 1
E.S. CENTRAL 2 - 246 23 202 - -
Ky. - - 31 - 142 - -
Tenn. 2 - 65 1 24 - -
Ala. - - 95 6 26 - -
Miss. - - 55 16 10 - -
W.S. CENTRAL 24 3 365 67 201 - 1
Ark. - - 35 1 14 - -
La. - 1 66 21 15 - -
Okla. - - 46 1 21 - -
Tex. 24 2 218 44 151 - 1
MOUNTAIN 153 4 183 25 660 5 -
Mont. - - 9 - 37 - -
Idaho 1 - 25 - 115 - -
Wyo. 1 - 4 1 8 - -
Colo. 4 3 44 5 336 1 -
N. Mex. 17 - 27 NN 64 2 -
Ariz. 8 - 37 1 33 2 -
Utah 117 1 18 3 26 - -
Nev. 5 - 19 15 41 - -
PACIFIC 189 21 693 245 1,712 - 1
Wash. 36 2 116 26 830 - -
Oreg. 13 1 123 NN 64 - -
Calif. 37 9 437 185 780 - 1
Alaska 63 - 9 3 3 - -
Hawaii 40 9 8 31 35 - -
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Guam - - 5 10 - - -
P.R. 3 - 13 2 3 - -
V.I. - - - 2 - - -
American Samoa NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
C.N.M.I. - - - - - - -
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Imported cases include only those imported from other countries.
=======================================================================================================
Return to top. Table_B5 Note: To print large tables and graphs users may have to change their printer settings to landscape and use a small font size.
NOTIFIABLE DISEASES -- Reported cases, by geographic division and area,
United States, 1996 (continued)
=========================================================================================================================
Rubella
Rabies -------------------- Syphilis,
Psitta- ---------------- Cong. Salmonel- Shigel- Cong.
Area cosis Animal Human RMSF * Rubella syndrome losis losis (<1 yr.) +
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 42 6,982 3 831 238 4 45,471 25,978 1,162
NEW ENGLAND - 748 1 19 27 - 2,821 550 10
Maine - 131 - - - - 159 16 -
N.H. - 54 1 - - - 133 20 -
Vt. - 135 - - 2 - 101 12 1
Mass. - 115 - 12 21 - 1,640 265 7
R.I. - 39 - 2 - - 198 50 -
Conn. - 274 - 5 4 - 590 187 2
MID. ATLANTIC 2 1,550 - 56 13 - 7,470 3,308 302
N.Y. (excl. NYC) - 1,080 - 15 5 - 1,940 500 24
N.Y. City - NA - 19 5 - 1,920 630 130
N.J. 2 140 - 9 2 - 1,580 434 90
Pa. - 330 - 13 1 - 2,030 1,744 58
E.N. CENTRAL 11 92 - 30 3 1 6,100 1,943 147
Ohio 5 13 - 17 - - 1,632 559 15
Ind. - 9 - 8 - - 590 161 4
Ill. 3 25 - 4 1 - 1,972 683 103
Mich. 1 31 - 1 2 1 1,012 451 22
Wis. 2 14 - - - - 894 89 3
W.N. CENTRAL 4 551 - 27 - - 2,343 1,060 17
Minn. 3 37 - 1 - - 653 166 2
Iowa - 237 - 1 - - 335 151 -
Mo. 1 26 - 19 - - 565 387 15
N. Dak. - 77 - - - - 63 80 -
S. Dak. - 132 - 1 - - 119 94 -
Nebr. - 5 - 3 - - 189 70 -
Kans. - 37 - 2 - - 419 112 -
S. ATLANTIC 5 2,837 - 489 101 1 9,457 6,140 220
Del. - 80 - 2 - - 151 155 -
Md. - 637 - 38 - - 1,160 985 30
D.C. - 11 - 1 1 - 125 199 14
Va. 1 612 - 54 2 - 1,229 746 12
W. Va. 1 100 - 3 - - 128 96 -
N.C. - 740 - 289 86 1 1,466 565 24
S.C. - 88 - 23 1 - 873 212 35
Ga. - 303 - 65 - - 1,467 1,125 30
Fla. 3 266 - 14 11 - 2,858 2,057 75
E.S. CENTRAL 1 236 1 122 2 - 1,968 1,683 107
Ky. - 42 1 29 - - 421 1,151 6
Tenn. - 97 - 47 - - 508 210 28
Ala. 1 92 - 15 2 - 508 144 20
Miss. - 5 - 31 NN - 531 178 53
W.S. CENTRAL - 435 - 74 9 - 4,414 3,813 154
Ark. - 29 - 22 - - 455 176 23
La. - 17 - 2 1 - 616 562 9
Okla. - 38 - 45 - - 543 318 10
Tex. - 351 - 5 8 - 2,800 2,757 112
MOUNTAIN 7 157 1 13 9 2 2,727 2,830 10
Mont. - 26 1 3 - - 101 63 -
Idaho 1 - - 1 2 - 135 97 1
Wyo. 3 33 - 7 - - 57 9 -
Colo. 2 43 - 2 3 - 670 660 3
N. Mex. - 6 - - - - 324 473 -
Ariz. - 37 - - 3 2 619 1,124 5
Utah - 5 - - - - 525 307 -
Nev. 1 7 - - 1 - 296 97 1
PACIFIC 12 376 - 1 74 - 8,171 4,651 195
Wash. 4 6 - 1 15 - 734 333 1
Oreg. 2 5 - - 1 - 386 163 -
Calif. 6 355 - - 55 - 6,544 3,952 194
Alaska - 10 - - - NN 79 116 -
Hawaii - - - - 3 - 428 87 -
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Guam - - - - - - 39 43 -
P.R. - 58 - - - - 821 55 8
V.I. - - - - - - 11 8 -
American Samoa NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
C.N.M.I. - - - - - - 11 8 -
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
+ Cases were updated through the Division of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Prevention, NCHSTP, as of June 13, 1997.
=========================================================================================================================
Return to top. Table_B6 Note: To print large tables and graphs users may have to change their printer settings to landscape and use a small font size.
NOTIFIABLE DISEASES -- Reported cases, by geographic division and area,
United States, 1996 (continued)
=====================================================================================================================
Syphilis *
------------------ Toxic-
Primary & All shock Trich- Tuber- Typhoid Yellow
Area secondary stages Tetanus syndrome inosis culosis + fever fever
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 11,387 52,976 36 145 11 21,337 396 1
NEW ENGLAND 194 1,074 1 8 1 481 23 -
Maine 1 4 - 3 - 21 - -
N.H. 1 29 - 3 - 21 2 -
Vt. - 1 - - - 4 - -
Mass. 85 634 1 2 1 262 18 -
R.I. 4 72 - - - 35 - -
Conn. 103 334 - - - 138 3 -
MID. ATLANTIC 555 9,426 5 28 2 3,991 134 -
N.Y. (excl. NYC) 76 728 3 9 2 535 21 -
N.Y. City 138 5,800 2 4 - 2,053 64 -
N.J. 177 1,458 - - - 820 40 -
Pa. 164 1,440 - 15 - 583 9 -
E.N. CENTRAL 1,651 5,414 5 33 4 2,120 36 -
Ohio 584 1,324 - 4 - 301 4 -
Ind. 207 673 - 2 1 202 4 -
Ill. 501 2,070 1 7 2 1,060 16 -
Mich. 183 851 1 19 - 443 10 -
Wis. 176 496 3 1 1 114 2 -
W.N. CENTRAL 294 985 2 26 - 548 6 -
Minn. 16 116 1 9 - 131 1 -
Iowa 23 86 - 4 - 70 1 -
Mo. 221 618 1 5 - 224 2 -
N. Dak. - - - 2 - 8 - -
S. Dak. - 2 - - - 19 - -
Nebr. 6 27 - 1 - 22 1 -
Kans. 28 136 - 5 - 74 1 -
S. ATLANTIC 3,791 14,086 5 16 - 4,016 61 -
Del. 35 124 - 1 - 43 - -
Md. 729 2,228 - 2 - 319 18 -
D.C. 116 626 - - - 139 - -
Va. 393 1,261 - 1 - 349 11 -
W. Va. 7 59 - - - 57 - -
N.C. 1,052 2,663 - 2 - 554 - -
S.C. 402 1,277 2 3 - 348 - -
Ga. 689 2,954 - 6 - 790 1 -
Fla. 368 2,894 3 1 - 1,417 31 -
E.S. CENTRAL 2,351 6,966 2 1 3 1,437 7 1
Ky. 154 399 - - - 259 1 -
Tenn. 850 2,315 1 1 3 504 3 1
Ala. 528 1,887 1 - - 423 3 -
Miss. 819 2,365 - NN - 251 - -
W.S. CENTRAL 1,864 9,547 6 3 1 2,949 19 -
Ark. 262 834 - 1 - 225 1 -
La. 533 2,403 2 - - 420 1 -
Okla. 179 467 1 2 1 201 - -
Tex. 890 5,843 3 - - 2,103 17 -
MOUNTAIN 160 934 1 9 - 711 8 -
Mont. - 4 - - - 19 - -
Idaho 4 24 - 2 - 15 - -
Wyo. 2 8 - - - 7 - -
Colo. 26 162 1 5 - 104 3 -
N. Mex. 3 78 - - - 89 2 -
Ariz. 102 467 - 1 - 282 - -
Utah 3 49 - - - 58 1 -
Nev. 20 142 - 1 - 137 2 -
PACIFIC 527 4,544 9 21 - 5,084 102 -
Wash. 9 129 1 1 - 285 4 -
Oreg. 9 70 1 - - 190 4 -
Calif. 506 4,300 7 20 - 4,313 84 -
Alaska - 15 - - - 96 1 -
Hawaii 3 30 - - - 200 9 -
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Guam - 3 - - - 112 1 -
P.R. 208 1,467 2 - - 222 1 -
V.I. 11 17 1 - - 9 - -
American Samoa NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
C.N.M.I. - - - - - NA - -
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Cases were updated through the Division of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Prevention, NCHSTP, as of June 13, 1997.
+ Cases were updated through the Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, NCHSTP, as of May 28, 1997.
=====================================================================================================================
Return to top. Table_C Note: To print large tables and graphs users may have to change their printer settings to landscape and use a small font size.
NOTIFIABLE DISEASES -- Summary of reported cases, by age group,* United States, 1996
================================================================================================================================================================================================
<1 1-4 5-14 15-24 25-39 40-64 >=65 Age
---------------- --------------- --------------- ------------------ ----------------- ---------------- ---------------- not
NAME Total No. (Rate) No. (Rate) No. (Rate) No. (Rate) No. (Rate) No. (Rate) No. (Rate) stated
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AIDS + 66,885 205 ( 5.33) 280 ( 1.78) 247 ( 0.65) 2,403 ( 6.69) 37,673 ( 59.68) 26,077 (24.61) - ( - ) -
Botulism, total 119 78 ( 2.03) 1 ( 0.01) - ( - ) 1 ( 0.00) 10 ( 0.02) 20 ( 0.03) 7 ( 0.02) 2
Brucellosis 112 - ( - ) 7 ( 0.04) 11 ( 0.03) 28 ( 0.08) 27 ( 0.04) 32 ( 0.04) 7 ( 0.02) -
Cholera 4 - ( - ) - ( - ) - ( - ) - ( - ) 1 ( 0.00) 2 ( 0.00) 1 ( 0.00) -
Diphtheria 2 - ( - ) - ( - ) - ( - ) - ( - ) - ( - ) 1 ( 0.00) 1 ( 0.00) -
Escherichia coli O157:H7 2,741 61 ( 1.78) 610 ( 4.37) 598 ( 1.77) 317 ( 1.00) 314 ( 0.56) 466 ( 0.73) 322 ( 1.10) 53
Gonorrhea & 324,708 - ( - ) - ( - ) 6,332 (16.60) 189,973 (528.51) 98,336 (155.78) 20,407 (28.18) 1,009 ( 3.01) 7,554
Haemophilus influenzae,
invasive 1,170 159 ( 4.13) 114 ( 0.72) |
