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Age-Adjusted Death
Rates for the Five Leading Causes of Death --- United States,
2001--2006
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6/27/2008
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From 1999 to 2005, the
age-adjusted unintentional injury death rate increased 10.5%
overall, from 35.3 per 100,000 population to 39.0. The increase
resulted primarily from a 79.6% increase in the death rate for
poisoning (including drug overdose) from 4.4 per 100,000
population to 7.9, and a 33.3% increase in the death rate for
falls from 4.8 per 100,000 population to 6.4. |
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Age-Adjusted Death
Rates for the Five Leading Causes of Death --- United States,
2001--2006
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6/20/2008
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During 2001--2006,
heart disease and cancer were the leading causes of death in the
United States, accounting for nearly half of all deaths each
year. During this period, the age-adjusted death rate for heart
disease declined 19.5%, from 247.8 per 100,000 standard
population to 199.4, and the age-adjusted cancer death rate
declined 7.8%, from 196.0 to 180.8. Changes in the other leading
causes of death were less pronounced. |
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Age-Adjusted Percentage of Adults Aged >40 Years with Diagnosed Diabetes Who Have Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c), Total Blood Cholesterol, and Blood Pressure Under Control, by Race/Ethnicity --- National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, United States, 2003--2006
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6/13/2008
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During 2003--2006,
non-Hispanic white adults aged >40 years with diabetes were more
likely than their non-Hispanic black and Mexican-American
counterparts to have HbA1c controlled to the recommended level.
No statistically significant differences were observed by
race/ethnicity in the percentage of adults aged >40 years with
diabetes whose total blood cholesterol and blood pressure were
controlled to recommended levels. |
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Percentage of Adults Aged >25 Years with Limitation of Activity Caused by One or More Chronic Conditions, by Education Level and Sex --- National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2006
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6/06/2008
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In 2006, persons who
had less than a high school diploma were more than twice as
likely as persons who had a bachelor's degree or higher to be
limited in their usual activities because of one or more chronic
conditions. At lower education levels (less than a high school
diploma or a high school or GED diploma), women were more likely
than men to be limited in usual activities. At higher education
levels, no significant difference in limitation was observed
between men and women. |
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Percentage of Persons with Activity Limitation Caused by a Chronic Condition, by Poverty Level Status and Race/Ethnicity --- National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2006
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6/06/2008
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In 2006, persons who
had less than a high school diploma were more than twice as
likely as persons who had a bachelor's degree or higher to be
limited in their usual activities because of one or more chronic
conditions. At lower education levels (less than a high school
diploma or a high school or GED diploma), women were more likely
than men to be limited in usual activities. At higher education
levels, no significant difference in limitation was observed
between men and women. |
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Percentage of Persons with Activity Limitation Caused by a Chronic Condition, by Poverty Level Status and Race/Ethnicity --- National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2006
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5/30/2008
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In 2006, persons with
lower family incomes were more likely to report activity
limitation because of a chronic condition than persons with
higher family incomes. Among persons at the lowest income level,
non-Hispanic whites (25.7%) were more likely to report
limitations than non-Hispanic blacks (22.5%) and Hispanics
(15.7%). |
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Age-Adjusted Percentage of Adults Aged >20 Years with Hypertension, by Poverty Level --- National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, United States, 2003--2006
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5/23/2008
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The percentage of U.S.
adults with hypertension was associated with income, with those
at the lowest income level more likely to have hypertension than
those in the highest income group. |
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Percentage of Women Aged >25 Years Who Had a Papanicolaou (Pap)
Smear Test During the Preceding 3 Years, by Age Group and Education Level --- National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2005
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5/16/2008
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The likelihood of
having a Pap smear test during the preceding 3 years increased
with education level in each of the age groups. Overall, older
women were less likely to be tested; the lowest rate (46.1%) was
among women aged >65 years who had not completed high school.
Nine out of 10 women aged 25--44 years with some college or more
reported having a Pap smear test during the preceding 3 years,
the highest rate of any group. |
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Percentage of Adults Reporting Joint Pain or Stiffness, --- National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2006
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5/2/2008
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During 2006,
approximately 30% of adults reported experiencing some type of
joint pain during the preceding 30 days. Knee pain was reported
by 18% of respondents, followed by pain in the shoulder (9%),
finger (7%), and hip (7%). Joint pain can be caused by
osteoarthritis, injury, prolonged abnormal posture, or
repetitive motion. |
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Percentage of Asian Adults Reporting Fair or Poor Health, by Asian Subpopulation --- National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2004--2006
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4/25/2008
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During 2004--2006,
approximately 9% of Asian adults reported being in fair or poor
health, compared with higher rates among blacks (20%), American
Indian/Alaska Natives (18%), Hispanics (17%), and whites (11%).
Among Asian subpopulations, the percentage reporting fair or
poor health ranged from 5% among Japanese adults to 19% among
Vietnamese adults. |
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Percentage of Asian Adults Who Reported Moderate or Heavier Drinking, by Asian Subpopulation --- National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2004--2006
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4/18/2008
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During 2004--2006,
Asian adults had the lowest percentage of current moderate or
heavier drinkers (9%), when compared with whites (22%), American
Indian/Alaska Natives (15%), Hispanics (13%), and blacks (12%).
However, the percentage of moderate or heavier drinkers varied
substantially among Asian subpopulations: Japanese (14%), Korean
(10%), Filipino (9%), Chinese (7%), Vietnamese (6%), and Asian
Indian (6%). |
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Infant, Neonatal, and Postneonatal Annual Mortality Rates --- United States, 1940--2005
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4/11/2008
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From 1940 to 2005
(most recent data available), infant, nenonatal, and
postneonatal annual mortality rates in the United States
declined substantially. The infant mortality rate decreased 85%,
from 47 infant deaths per 1,000 live births in 1940 to 6.87 in
2005. During the same period, substantial changes also occurred
in the neonatal rate, which decreased 84%, from 28.8 to 4.54
deaths per 1,000 live births, and the postneonatal rate, which
decreased 87%, from 18.3 to 2.34 deaths per 1,000 live births.
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Life Expectancy Ranking at Birth, by Sex --- Selected Countries and Territories, 2004
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4/04/2008
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In 2004, life
expectancy at birth ranged from a low of 59.1 years for the
Russian male population to a high of 85.6 years for the female
population of Japan. In the United States, life expectancy for
men (75.2 years) ranked 25th out of 37 countries and territories
and 23rd for women (80.4 years). Japan and Hong Kong were the
countries with the highest life expectancy, whereas the
countries of Eastern Europe (e.g., Russian Federation, Romania,
and Bulgaria) reported the lowest life expectancy. |
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Percentage of Women Who
Gained <15 Pounds During Pregnancy, by Age Group and Race/Ethnicity of Mother --- United States, 2005
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3/21/2008
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The recommended amount
of weight gain during pregnancy is based on a woman's height and
prepregnancy weight. Maternal weight gain of <15 pounds is not
recommended for women having a singleton birth, regardless of
the woman's height and prepregnancy weight. Inadequate weight
gain has been associated with an increased risk for intrauterine
growth retardation, low birthweight, and perinatal mortality. In
2005, overall, 10% of mothers of term singletons gained <15
pounds. Differences by age and race/ethnicity were substantial.
For all racial/ethnic groups, inadequate weight gain increased
with age. Non-Hispanic black women of all ages were more likely
than non-Hispanic white and Hispanic women to gain <15 pounds
during pregnancy. |
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Mean Gestational Age, by Plurality --- United States, 2005
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3/07/2008
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Shorter gestation is
associated with poorer birth outcomes, long-term morbidity, and
higher infant mortality rates. The risk for shorter gestation is
greater with multiple births than singleton births. In 2005, the
mean gestational age for singletons was 38.7 weeks, compared
with 35.2 weeks for twins, 31.9 weeks for triplets, 29.8 weeks
for quadruplets, and 27.4 weeks for quintuplets and higher.
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Percentage of Adults Aged >18 Years Who Reported an Average of <6 Hours of Sleep per
24-Hour Period, by Sex and Age Group --- National Health Interview Survey, United States, 1985 and 2006§
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2/29/2008
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From 1985 to 2006, the
percentage of men and women who reported an average of <6 hours
of sleep per 24-hour period increased in all age groups. In
2006, for both men and women, the percentage of respondents
reporting <6 hours of sleep per 24-hour period was highest among
those aged 30--44 years and 45--64 years. The National Sleep
Foundation recommends 7--9 hours of sleep per 24-hour period for
adults (additional information available at
http://www.sleepfoundation.org).
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Mean Serum Total Cholesterol Level Among Adults Aged >20 Years, by Sex --- National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES), United States, 1999--2000 to 2005--2006 |
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2/15/2008
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From 1999--2000 to
2005--2006, the mean age-adjusted serum total cholesterol level
for all U.S. adults aged >20 years declined significantly
from 204 mg/dL to 199 mg/dL. The level among men decreased from
203 mg/dL to 195 mg/dL and among women decreased from 205 to 201
mg/dL. The Healthy People 2010 objective to reduce mean serum
cholesterol levels among adults to <200 mg/dL (objective 12-14)
was met in 2005--2006 for the overall adult population aged >20
years and for men but not for women. |
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Percentage of Women Who Gained >40 Pounds During
Pregnancy, by Race/Ethnicity of Mother --- United States, 1990, 2000, and 2005 |
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2/08/2008
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Since 1989, data on
weight gain of women during pregnancy have been collected on
U.S. birth certificates. Weight gain of >40 pounds during
pregnancy is not recommended for women having a singleton birth,
regardless of the woman's height and prepregnancy weight.
Excessive weight gain is associated with greater risk for
gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and other adverse conditions
during pregnancy and complications of delivery for both mother
and infant. From 1990 to 2005, the percentage of women overall
who gained >40 pounds increased from 15% to 20%; the percentage
who gained >40 pounds also increased among non-Hispanic white,
non-Hispanic black, and Hispanic women. Non-Hispanic white women
were more likely than non-Hispanic black and Hispanic women to
gain >40 pounds during pregnancy in 1990, 2000, and 2005. |
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Estimated Percentage of Office-Based Physicians Using Selected
Electronic Medical Record (EMR) Features --- National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, United States, 2006
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2/01/2008
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In 2006, approximately 29.2% of office-based physicians reported that
they used an EMR system, and use of specific EMR features varied substantially. EMR features providing clinical
reminders for guideline-based interventions or screening tests (13.1%) and public health reporting (6.6%)
were used less than other features. Only 12.4% of physicians used EMR systems with all four of the features
considered necessary for a minimally functional system (i.e., systems allowing for computerized orders for
prescriptions, computerized orders for tests, electronic viewing of test results, and electronic viewing of clinical notes). |
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Percentage of Nursing Home Facilities
Using Certain Strategies to Encourage Influenza Vaccination of Their Employees,
by Strategy Used --- National Nursing Home Survey, United States, 2004 |
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1/25/2008
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In 2004, the majority
(63%) of nursing homes reported <60% employees had received an
influenza shot last influenza season. In 2004, nursing homes
used different strategies to promote influenza vaccination among
employees. Three of these strategies (offering free
vaccinations, furloughing employees with influenza-like illness,
and requiring proof of vaccination) were significantly
associated with staff influenza vaccination rates >60%. Only 1%
of surveyed facilities did not use at least one of the
strategies. |
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Spina Bifida and Anencephaly Rates
--- United States, 1991, 1995, 2000, and 2005
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1/11/2008
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Neural tube defects
(NTDs) are serious birth defects of the brain (anencephaly)
and spine (spina bifida). Since 1992, a national health recommendation has called for women of childbearing age in the United States to consume 400 µg of folic acid daily to reduce their risk for having a pregnancy affected by NTDs. The spina bifida rate per 100,000 live births declined 25% from 1995 to 2000 and 13% from 2000 to 2005. The anencephaly rate declined 36% from 1991 to 1995 and was unchanged from 1995 to 2005.
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/deaths.htm. |
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Life Expectancy at Birth, by Race and Sex --- United States, 1970--2005
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1/04/2008
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Life expectancy
at birth reached a record high of 77.9 years in 2005 for the
total U.S. population. Disparities in life expectancy at birth
remain among the race/sex populations, although all populations
have had increases in life expectancy during the past decade.
Additional information regarding life expectancy is available at
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/deaths.htm. |
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Estimated Percentage of Women Aged >40 Years Who Received a Mammogram During the Preceding 2 Years,
by Poverty Status --- National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2005 |
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12/21/2007
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In 2005,
approximately 67% of women aged >40 years reported they had
received a mammogram during the preceding 2 years. This
percentage increased with household income level and ranged from
49% for women categorized as poor to 72% for women categorized
as nonpoor. |
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Fetal Mortality Rates, by Race/Ethnicity of
Mother --- United States, 2004 |
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12/14/2007
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In 2004, a total of
25,655 fetal deaths at >20 weeks gestation were reported
in the United States, nearly as many as infant deaths (27,860).
The U.S. fetal mortality rate was 6.20 per 1,000 live births and
fetal deaths. The fetal mortality rate for non-Hispanic black
women (11.25) was approximately twice the rates for non-Hispanic
white (4.98), American Indian/Alaska Native (5.84),
Asian/Pacific Islander (4.77), and Hispanic women (5.43).
Additional information is available at
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/fetaldth/abfetal.htm.
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Percentage of Infant Deaths from Preterm-Related
Causes, by Race/Ethnicity --- United States, 2000 and 2004 |
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11/30/2007
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The percentage of
infant deaths from preterm-related causes increased from 34.6%
in 2000 to 36.5% in 2004. Nearly half (46.3%) of the deaths of
infants of non-Hispanic black mothers were preterm related in
2004, compared with 32.1% of the deaths of infants of
non-Hispanic white mothers and 33.4% of the deaths of infants of
Hispanic mothers. During 2000--2004, the percentage of infants
born preterm increased in the United States, from 11.6% of all
births in 2000 to 12.5% in 2004. |
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Estimated Percentage of Adults Aged >18
Years With Asthma, by Sex and Race/Ethnicity --- National Health
Interview Survey, United States, 2006
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11/16/2007
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In 2006, among
Hispanic, non-Hispanic black, and non-Hispanic white adults,
women were more likely than men to have asthma. Overall,
Hispanics were less likely than non-Hispanic whites and
non-Hispanic blacks to have asthma. |
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Estimated Percentage of Patients Aged >45 Years Who Received Exercise
Counseling from Their Primary-Care Physicians, by Sex and Age Group --- National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and National Hospital
Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, United States, 2003--2005 |
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11/02/2007
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During 2003--2005,
among separate age groups of male and female patients aged >45
years, men aged 45--54 years were most likely (22.1%) to receive
exercise counseling from their primary-care physician. Women
aged >75 years were least likely (9.2%) to receive
exercise counseling. For both men and women, the percentage of
patients who received exercise counseling generally decreased as
patient age increased. |
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Infant Mortality Rates for 10 Leading Causes of Infant Death ---
United States, 2005 |
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10/26/2007
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The three leading
causes of infant mortality (congenital malformations, disorders
related to short gestation and low birthweight, and sudden
infant death syndrome) accounted for approximately 43% of all
infant deaths in the United States in 2005. |
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Age-Adjusted Death Rates, by Race and Sex --- United States, 2005 |
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10/19/2007
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In 2005, black males had the highest age-adjusted death rate compared with females, white males, and all races. The higher rate for
black males reflects higher death rates for most of the leading causes of death. |
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Estimated Percentage of Adults with Daily
Activity Limitations, by Age Group and Type of Limitation --- National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2006
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10/12/2007
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In 2006, adults aged >75 years were nearly three times as likely as those aged 65--74 years to require the help of another person in performing activities of daily living
(e.g., eating, dressing, or bathing) and instrumental activities of daily living
(e.g., household chores or shopping). |
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Percentage of Deaths from Malignant Neoplasms, by Sex and Type of
Cancer --- United States, 2004 |
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9/28/2007
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In 2004, lung cancer
was the leading cause of death from cancer both for men (31.3%
of all cancer deaths among men) and women (25.6% of all cancer
deaths among women). The second leading cause for women was
breast cancer (15.3%) and for men was prostate cancer (10.1%).
Colon cancer was the third leading cause of death from cancer
both for men (9.4%) and women (10.1%). |
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Estimated Percentage of Students Who Missed School
During the Preceding 12 Months Because of Illness or Injury, by Number of Days Missed --- National Health Interview Survey,
United States, 2006 |
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9/21/2007
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In 2006, an estimated
29% of students aged 5--17 years never missed a day of school
during the preceding 12 months because of illness or injury. The
majority (56%) missed 1--5 days, 10% missed 6--10 days, and
5% missed >11 days of school. |
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Death Rates from Poisoning, by State --- United States, 2004 |
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9/14/2007
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In 2004, poisoning
became the second leading cause of death by injury in the United
States following motor-vehicle traffic deaths. The state
age-adjusted poisoning death rate ranged from 4.6 to 19.4 per
100,000 population. States with the highest rates included West
Virginia (19.4), New Mexico (18.4), Utah (17.7), and Nevada
(17.3). Nine of ten poisoning deaths were caused by drugs, 7% by
inhalation of gases and vapors, 1% by alcohol, and 1% by other
substances. Poisoning deaths included deaths classified as
unintentional (69%), suicides (19%), deaths of undetermined
intent (11%), and homicides (0.3%). |
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Percentage of Persons with Untreated Dental Caries, by Age Group and Poverty Status
--- National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), United States, 2001--2004 |
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8/31/2007
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During 2001--2004,
poor persons were at least twice as likely as nonpoor persons to
have untreated dental caries, regardless of age group. In each
age group, persons categorized as near poor also were more
likely than nonpoor persons to have untreated caries. |
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Prevalence of HPV Infection Among Sexually Active Females
Aged 14--59 Years, by Age Group --- National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, United States, 2003--2004 |
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8/24/2007
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Among sexually active
females (i.e., 57% of females aged 14--19 years and 97% of those
aged 20--59 years), the prevalence of HPV infection was highest
for those in the youngest age groups (i.e., approximately 40% in
those aged 14--19 years and 50% in those aged 20--24 years).
Prevalence declined substantially after age 24 years. |
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Prevalence of Complete Tooth Loss Among Older Adults,
By Age Group and Federal Poverty Level (FPL) --- National Health and Nutrition Examination
Survey, 1988--1994 and 1999--2004 |
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8/17/2007
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The prevalence of
complete tooth loss (edentulism) was significantly lower
(p<0.05, by t test) for adults with a family income of
>200% FPL compared with those in lower income groups. The
prevalence of edentulism decreased between 1988--1994 and
1999--2004 for those in the 100%--199% and >200% FPL groups but
not for those in the <100% FPL group. |
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Percentage of Adults Aged >18 Years Who Reported Ever Being Tested for Human Immunodeficiency
Virus (HIV), by Sex and Race/Ethnicity --- National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2006 |
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8/10/2007
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Among both men and
women, non-Hispanic blacks (51.6% of men and 53.5% of women)
were more likely to report ever being tested for HIV than
Hispanics (35.7% of men and 46.1% of women) and non-Hispanic
whites (30.5% of men and 33.5% of women). Overall, women (37.8%)
were more likely than men (33.7%) to report ever being tested
for HIV. |
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Percentage of Adults Aged >18 Years Who Reported Some Form of Arthritis or a Related Condition,
by Sex and Race/Ethnicity --- National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2006 |
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7/27/2007
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In 2006, women were
more likely than men to report having some form of arthritis or
a related condition. The prevalence was higher for non-Hispanic
white men (19.7%) than non-Hispanic black men (16.4%) and
Hispanic men (11.0%). Non-Hispanic black women (25.2%) and
non-Hispanic white women (24.2%) had comparable prevalence, but
both groups of women were more likely to report having some form
of arthritis or a related condition than Hispanic women (18.3%).
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Percentage Distribution of Hospitalizations for Types
of Respiratory Diseases Among Children Aged <15 Years --- National Hospital Discharge Survey, United States, 2005
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7/20/2007
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In 2005, approximately
one fourth of the 2.4 million hospitalizations for children aged
<15 years were for respiratory diseases, the largest category of
hospitalization diagnoses in this age group. Of these, 31% were
for pneumonia, 25% for asthma, 25% for acute bronchitis and
bronchiolitis, and 19% for other respiratory diseases, including
croup and chronic disease of tonsils and adenoids. |
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Rate of Hospitalizations for Coronary Atherosclerosis
and Acute Myocardial Infarction (MI), by Year --- National Hospital Discharge Survey, United States, 1996--2005
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7/06/2007
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During 1996--2005, the
hospitalization rate per 10,000 population decreased 25% for
acute MI (from 30.8 to 23.1 hospitalizations) and 15% for
coronary atherosclerosis (from 38.9 to 33.2). |
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Suicide and Homicide Rates
Among Adults Aged >18 Years, by Age Group --- National Vital
Statistics System, United States, 2002--2004
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6/29/2007
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During 2002--2004, the
average annual suicide rate (14.2 per 100,000 population) was
nearly twice as high as the rate of death by homicide (7.2 per
100,000 population) for adults aged >18 years. The
suicide rate was
higher than the homicide rate for all age groups except persons
aged 18--24 years. The difference between the suicide and
homicide rates among groups aged >25 years increased with
age; persons aged >85 years were
eight times as likely to die from suicide as homicide. |
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Percentage Distribution
of Blood Pressure Categories Among Adults Aged >18 Years, by Race/Ethnicity --- National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, United States, 1999--2004
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6/22/2007
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Blood pressure
category varied substantially by race/ethnicity. Mexican
Americans and non-Hispanic whites were more likely to have
normal blood pressure compared with non-Hispanic blacks.
Conversely, higher percentages of non-Hispanic blacks had
hypertension stage 1 and hypertension stage 2 compared with
non-Hispanic whites and Mexican Americans. |
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Annual Diabetes Rate
Among Patients Discharged from Hospitals, by Year and Age Group
--- National Hospital Discharge Survey, United States, 1988--2005
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6/15/2007
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The rate of diabetes
among patients aged >65 years who were discharged from
hospitals was significantly higher than that for any other age
group and increased approximately 50% during 1988--2005. The
rate increased approximately 56% for patients aged 15--44 years
and 29% for those aged 45--64 years during this period. The rate
for patients aged <15 years did not change. |
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Estimated Percentage of Persons Who Delayed or Did Not Receive Medical
Care During the Preceding
Year Because of Cost, by Respondent-Assessed Health
Status --- National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2005 |
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6/01/2007
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In 2005, approximately
7% of persons (21.7 million) delayed medical care during the
preceding year because of worry about the cost, and another 5%
(15.2 million) did not receive needed medical care because they
could not afford it. Persons whose health was assessed as fair
or poor were four to five times as likely as persons whose
health was assessed as excellent or very good to delay or not
receive needed medical care because of cost. |
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Assistance Used to Quit Smoking by
Adults Aged >18 Years During the Preceding 2 Years, by Type --- National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2005 |
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5/25/2007
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Although many types of
assistance to quit smoking are available, support from family
and friends (25.9%) and nicotine patches (15.5%) were the most
commonly used types in 2005. Other types used less frequently
were prescription pills (7.4%); nicotine gum (6.7%); nasal
sprays, inhalers, or lozenges (3.7%); and books, pamphlets, or
videos (3.6%). |
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Respondent-Assessed Health Status
Among Persons Aged >25 Years, by Education Level --- National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2005
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5/11/2007
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The percentage of
adults aged >25 years whose health was reported as excellent or
very good increased with education level. Persons with a
bachelor's degree or higher (74.9%) were nearly twice as likely
to be reported having excellent or very good health than persons
with less than a high school diploma (39.8%). Persons with less
than a high school diploma were most likely to be reported
having fair or poor health. |
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Percentage of Hospitals with Staff Members
Trained to Respond to Selected Terrorism-Related Diseases or Exposures --- National Hospital Ambulatory
Medical Care Survey, United States, 2003--2004 |
|
4/27/2007
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During 2003--2004, the
percentage of hospitals with emergency department staff members
with bioterrorism-preparedness
training for certain related diseases or exposures varied from
52.3% for hemorrhagic fever to 86.0% for smallpox. |
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Percentage of All Live Births by Cesarean Delivery --- National Vital Statistics System, United States, 2005 |
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4/20/2007
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Preliminary data for
2005 indicate that 30.2% of all live births in the United States
were cesarean deliveries, marking the highest U.S. total
cesarean rate ever reported. Since 1996, the total cesarean rate
has increased by 46%, driven by both an increase in the
percentage of all women having a first cesarean and a decline in
the percentage of women delivering vaginally after a previous
cesarean. Cesarean rates vary considerably among states but tend
to be lower in the western mountain states and upper Midwest
region and higher in the Southeast and East regions. |
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Distribution of Births, by Gestational Age --- United States, 1990 and 2005 |
|
4/13/2007
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The distribution of
births by gestational age changed between 1990 and 2005. The
percentage of preterm births (<37 completed weeks of gestation)
increased 20%, from 10.6% to 12.7%; the percentage of births at
37--39 weeks of gestation also increased, from 41.4% to 53.5%, a
29% increase. In contrast, the percentage of infants born at 40
weeks and especially 41 weeks of gestation declined (15% and
43%, respectively). |
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Percentage Change in Death Rates for the Leading Causes
of Unintentional Injury, by Mechanism of Injury --- United States, 1999--2004
|
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4/06/2007
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During 1999--2004,
age-adjusted unintentional injury death rates increased 6.8%,
from 35.3 per 100,000 population to 37.7. This increase was
attributed primarily to increases in rates from motorcycle
crashes, poisoning (including unintentional drug overdose), and
falls. Similar but smaller increases were observed for these
causes in 2003, thus the upward trend continued in 2004. |
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Percentage of Adults Aged 20--59 Years Who Reported Dermatitis
in the Preceding Year, by Sex and Race/Ethnicity --- National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,
United States, 1999--2004
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|
3/30/2007
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During 2003--2005, the
percentage of children with hay fever increased with age;
children aged 10--17 years were nearly three times as likely to
have hay fever than children aged 0--4 years. In contrast, the
percentage of children with skin allergies decreased with age,
and the percentage of children with food allergies did not vary
with age. |
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Percentage of Adults Aged 20--59 Years Who Reported Dermatitis
in the Preceding Year, by Sex and Race/Ethnicity --- National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,
United States, 1999--2004
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3/23/2007
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During 1999--2004,
approximately 14% of U.S. adults aged 20--59 years self-reported
dermatitis, eczema, or other red, inflamed skin rashes within
the preceding 12 months. A higher percentage of women reported
skin rashes than men (15.1% versus 12.8%), and a higher
percentage of non-Hispanic whites (15.7%) reported rashes than
Mexican Americans (8.1%) and non-Hispanic blacks (9.3%). |
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Percentage of Office-Based Primary-Care Physicians Who Did Not
Accept New Patients, by Expected Payment Source --- National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, United States, 2003--2004
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3/16/2007
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Although 94.2% of
primary-care physicians reported in 2003--2004 that they were
accepting new patients, acceptance varied by the patient's
expected payment source. Among the physicians, 43.0% did not
accept new charity cases, 29.3% did not accept new Medicaid
patients, and 20.3% did not accept new Medicare patients. Only
7.0% did not accept new patients who self-paid. |
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Percentage of Weekly Visits to Emergency Departments for Illness
and Injury by Patients Arriving via Ambulance, by Day/Night Period of Arrival --- United States, 2003--2004
|
|
3/02/2007
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Percentages indicate
the proportion of weekly visits for illness or injury
distributed over 14 periods (day and night). Overall, persons
who arrive by ambulance at an emergency department (ED) are more
likely to do so because of illness (57%) than injury (43%).
However, on Saturdays, ambulances are more likely to bring
persons with injuries than illnesses, both during the day and at
night. Ambulance-transported patients account for approximately
15% of all ED visits and 16 million patients annually. |
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Life Expectancy at Age 65 Years, by Sex and Race
--- United States, 1999--2004 |
|
2/23/2007
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During 1999--2004,
life expectancy at age 65 years increased by 1.0 year for the
overall U.S. population, 1.1 years for white men, 0.8 years for
white women, 0.9 years for black men, and 1.3 years for black
women. |
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Percentage of Trauma-Related Visits to Emergency Departments, by Transport Mode and Patient Age Group --- National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, United States, 2003--2004
|
|
2/16/2007
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Ambulance use for
trauma patients increases with patient age. Among trauma
patients aged >75 years, approximately 41.4% were transported to
emergency departments by ambulance, compared with 17.5% of
patients aged 45--64 years and 6.5% of patients aged <15 years.
Additional information is available at
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/ahcd/ahcd1.htm. |
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Percentage of Children Aged <18 Years Who Currently Have Asthma,
by Race/Ethnicity and Poverty Status,§ National Health Interview Survey --- United States, 2003–2005 |
|
2/09/2007
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During 2003--2005,
Puerto Rican children overall had a higher prevalence of asthma
than Mexican-American, non-Hispanic white, and non-Hispanic
black children. Differences in poverty status did not explain
the disparities
for Puerto Rican and non-Hispanic black children, two
populations that had higher asthma rates than non-Hispanic white
and Mexican-American children regardless of poverty status. The
reason for the higher rate
among Puerto Rican children overall is unknown. |
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Prevalence of Selected Unhealthy Behavior Characteristics Among Adults
Aged >18 Years, by Race --- National Health Interview Survey,
United States, 2002–2004 |
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2/02/2007
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The percentage of
adults with selected unhealthy behavior characteristics varied
by race during 2002–2004. Blacks and Asians had the lowest
prevalence of consuming five or more alcoholic drinks in a
single day; Asians also had the lowest prevalence of current
cigarette smoking and obesity. AIAN had among the highest
prevalences of consuming five or more drinks, current smoking,
and obesity. Generally, physical inactivity was the most
prevalent unhealthy behavior. |
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Percentage of Total Births That Were Preterm, by Gestational Age ---
United States, 1990 and 2005 |
|
1/19/2007
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The proportion of
total births that were preterm increased from 9.7% in 1990 to
11.0% in 2005. Most of the increase was among births occurring
at 34--36 weeks (i.e., late preterm), which increased from 6.8%
to 8.1%.
Although late preterm infants are at lower risk for mortality
and long-term morbidity than other preterm infants, they are at
higher risk than those born later in pregnancy. |
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Birth Rates Among Females Aged 15--19 Years, by State --- United States, 2004
|
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1/05/2007
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Age of mother is a
predictor of maternal and infant health risk. Pregnant teens
aged 15--19 years are less likely to receive timely prenatal
care and gain appropriate weight and more likely to smoke during
pregnancy than pregnant women aged >20 years. These
factors are associated with poor birth outcomes. For example,
infants born to mothers who smoke during pregnancy are 65% more
likely to have low birthweight and 70% more likely to die in
infancy than infants born to nonsmokers. In 2004, the overall
U.S. birth rate for mothers aged 15--19 years was 41.1 births
per 1,000 females in that age group. Among states, rates ranged
from 62.6 (Texas) to 18.2 (New Hampshire). |
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Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Leading Causes of Injury Death, by Year --- United States, 1979--2004 |
|
12/22/2006
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During 1979--2004, the
three leading causes of injury death in the United States were
motor-vehicle traffic, firearm, and poisoning (including drug
overdose). In 2004, for the first time since 1968, when such
data first became available, the number of reported poisoning
deaths (30,308) and the age-adjusted poisoning death rate (10.3
per 1000,000 population) exceeded the number of firearm deaths
(29,569) and the firearm death rate (10.0), respectively. During
1999--2004, the poisoning death rate increased 45%, whereas the
firearm death rate declined 3%; during the same period, no
change occurred in the rate (14.7) for motor-vehicle traffic
deaths. |
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Reasons for No Health Insurance Coverage Among Uninsured Persons Aged <65 Years --- National Health Interview Survey, United States, 20 |
|
12/15/2006
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Overall, approximately
17% (41 million) of persons aged <65 years had no health
insurance at the time of interview. Of these, approximately one
half did not have coverage because of cost, and one fourth did
not have
coverage because of loss of a job or a change in employment.
Approximately 14% of uninsured persons did not have coverage
because their employer did not offer it or the insurance company
refused coverage, and 10% did not have coverage because of
cessation of Medicaid benefits. Less than 3% of persons without
health insurance did not have coverage because of a change in
marital status or death of a parent. |
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Percentage of Men Aged >40 Years with Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)
Levels of >2.5 and >4.0 ng/mL, by Race/Ethnicity --- National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, United States, 2001--2004 |
|
12/08/2006
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Although screening for
prostate cancer using the PSA test is common, clinicians are
divided over whether the screening test is effective and whether
a lower PSA threshold should be used to refer patients for
prostate
biopsy to rule out cancer. A PSA level of >4.0 ng/mL is
the common threshold; however, certain researchers have
recommended lowering the level to >2.5 ng/mL. During
2001--2004, approximately 6.2% (3.6 million)of men aged >40
years in the United States had a PSA level of >4.0 ng/mL,
and approximately 13.1% had a PSA of >2.5 ng/mL. Differences among racial/ethnic groups tested were not statistically
significant. |
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Percentage of Persons Aged 22--44 Years at Increased Risk for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection, by Race/Ethnicity
and Education --- National Survey of Family Growth, United States, 2002 |
|
11/24/2006
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In 2002, although educational attainment was not related to HIV risk status
among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white persons aged 22--44 years, higher education was strongly
associated with lower HIV risk among non-Hispanic black persons. For example, 13.5% of black
college graduates were at increased risk for HIV, compared with 29.5% of blacks with less than
a high school education. Overall, 12.7% of men and 10.0% of women (a total of 10.6 million persons
aged 22--44 years) reported sexual or drug-related behaviors that placed them at increased risk for HIV. |
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Percentage of Persons Aged 22--44 Years at Increased Risk for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection, by Race/Ethnicity
and Education --- National Survey of Family Growth, United States, 2002 |
|
11/24/2006
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|
In 2002, although educational attainment was not related to HIV risk status
among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white persons aged 22--44 years, higher education was strongly
associated with lower HIV risk among non-Hispanic black persons. For example, 13.5% of black
college graduates were at increased risk for HIV, compared with 29.5% of blacks with less than
a high school education. Overall, 12.7% of men and 10.0% of women (a total of 10.6 million persons
aged 22--44 years) reported sexual or drug-related behaviors that placed them at increased risk for HIV.
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Prevalence of Overweight Among Persons Aged 2--19 Years, by Sex --- National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), United States, 1999--2000 Through 2003--2004
|
|
11/17/2006
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From 1999--2000 through 2003--2004, the prevalence of overweight among males and females increased from 14.0% to 18.2% and from 13.8% to 16.0%, respectively. By 2003--2004, approximately 12.5 million persons aged 12--19 years (17.1%) were overweight. Additional information regarding NHANES is available at
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes.htm.
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Prevalence of Obesity Among Adults Aged >20 Years,
by Sex --- National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), United States, 1999--2000 Through 2003--2004 |
|
11/10/2006
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From 1999--2000
through 2003--2004, the prevalence of obesity among men
increased significantly from 27.5% to 31.1%. During the same
period, no significant change occurred among women, 33.2% of
whom were obese in 2003--2004. Additional information regarding
NHANES is available at
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes.htm. |
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Percentage of Females Aged 15--44 Years Ever Treated
for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), by Selected Characteristics --- National Survey of Family Growth, United States, 2002 |
|
11/03/2006
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In 2002, the
percentage of females aged 15--44 years reporting that they had
ever been treated for PID varied by age at first vaginal
intercourse and by number of male sex partners in the preceding
12 months. Higher prevalence of PID treatment was reported among
females who had their first vaginal intercourse at younger ages,
particularly <15 years, and among those who had greater numbers
of male sex partners in the preceding 12 months. |
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Percentage of Infants Born During 1990--1993 and 1997--2000 Who Were
Ever Breastfed, by Race/Ethnicity of Mother --- United States |
|
10/27/2006
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The percentage of
infants ever breastfed increased from 55% among those born
during 1990--1993 to 67% among those born during 1997--2000,
bringing the levels of breastfeeding initiation closer to the
Healthy People 2010 objective of 75% among mothers in all
racial/ethnic groups. Substantial progress toward meeting this
goal has been observed among Hispanic (75%) and non-Hispanic
white (69%) mothers. In addition, breastfeeding initiation
nearly doubled among non-Hispanic black mothers, from 25% of
infants born during 1990--1993 to 47% of infants born during
1997--2000. |
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Median Serum Cotinine Levels in Nonsmokers,
by Age Group --- National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), United States, 1988--1991 through 2001--2002 |
|
10/20/2006
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Cotinine is a
metabolite only of nicotine. Among nonsmokers, the presence of
cotinine in serum indicates exposure to secondhand tobacco
smoke. From 1988--1991 through 2001--2002, median serum cotinine
levels decreased by 74% in children aged 4--11 years, 79% in
persons aged 12--19 years, and 83% in persons aged >20 years,
suggesting a substantial reduction in the exposure of the U.S.
population to secondhand tobacco smoke. |
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Percentage of Teens Aged 14--17 Years Who Used Indoor Tanning Devices
During the Preceding 12 Months, by Sex and Age --- United States, 2005 |
|
10/13/2006
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The World Health
Organization recommends that no person aged <18 years use a
tanning bed because of the associated increased risk for skin cancer. In addition, CDC recommends that school programs to
prevent skin
cancer advise students to avoid using sunlamps and tanning beds.
Nonetheless, in 2005, 8.7% of teens aged 14--17 years used
indoor tanning devices. Girls aged 14--17 years were seven times
more likely to use these devices than boys in the same age
group. The use of indoor tanning devices increased with age from
14 to 17 years. |
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Age-Adjusted Death
Rates for the Five Leading Causes of Death --- United States,
2001--2004 |
|
10/06/2006
|
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|
The five leading
causes of death account for approximately two thirds of all
deaths in the United States. The two leading causes of death,
heart disease and cancer, account for approximately half of all
deaths. Both heart disease and cancer death rates declined
substantially during 2001--2004. |
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Annual Rate of Visits to Office-Based Physicians and Hospital Outpatient Departments During Which Combination Estrogen-Progestin Hormone
Therapy Was Prescribed for Women Aged >40 years, by Age Group --- United States, 2001--2003 |
|
9/29/2006
|
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|
From 2001 to 2003, the
overall rate of visits to physicians during which combination
estrogen-progestin hormone therapy was prescribed decreased by
44%. The decline was greatest among women aged >50 years.
In July 2002, the National Institutes of Health terminated a
clinical trial of combined hormone therapy (a component of the
Women’s Health Initiative) after investigators determined that
the associated health risks outweighed the benefits. |
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Percentage of Parents Who Were Married or Cohabiting at Birth
of First Child, by Race/Ethnicity and Sex --- United States, 2002 Survey |
|
9/15/2006
|
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|
According to 2002
survey |
