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Intervention Description
Intervention Package Information
Evaluation Study and Results
References and Contact Information
Intervention Description
Target Population
Inner-city heterosexually active, African American men
Goals of Intervention
- Improve behavioral and communication
skills
- Eliminate or reduce sex risk
behaviors
Brief Description
Nia is a video-based motivational
skills-building small-group intervention
consisting of 6-10 participants in each
group. The intervention includes videos,
movie clips, and discussion to educate
men about HIV/AIDS, elevate their mood,
and entertain them while reinforcing
information and motivating behavior
change. Facilitators discuss with
participants ways to prevent HIV/AIDS,
including condom use, condom attitudes
and the pros and cons of condom use, and
teach problem-solving, safer sex, and
decision-making skills. Facilitators
also teach male condom use skills
through demonstration, modeling and
practice with feedback using penile
anatomical models, as well as show and
discuss female condoms. The intervention
also teaches personal risk reduction and
sexual communication skills such as
negotiating safer sex, sexual
assertiveness, and risk refusal through
movie clips and discussion. |
Theoretic Basis
- Information-Motivation-Behavioral (IMB)
Skills Model
Intervention Duration
Two 3-hour sessions delivered over a week
Intervention Settings
Community-based center that housed
multiple social services
Deliverer
Two community-based prevention service
providers (1 man and 1 woman)
Delivery Methods
- Demonstration
- Exercises
- Group Discussion
- Practice
- Risk Reduction Supplies
(condoms)
- Role play
- Video
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Intervention Package Information
An intervention package is currently being developed with funding from CDC’s
Replicating Effective Programs (REP) Project. An intervention manual is
available at: http://socialpsych.uconn.edu/downloads.html
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Evaluation Study and Results
The original evaluation study was
conducted in Atlanta, Georgia in 1994.
Key Intervention Effects
- Reduced unprotected vaginal sex
- Increased condom use
Study Sample
The baseline study sample of 133 heterosexually-active men is characterized
by the following:
- 100% African American
- 100% Male
- 84% heterosexual, 16% bisexual
- Mean age of 33 years, range:
18-50 years
- Mean education of 12 years
Recruitment Settings
STD clinic located in a county public health
clinic
Eligibility Criteria
STD clinic patients were eligible if they
were African American, heterosexual men and
were sexually active in past 3 months.
Assignment Method
Men (N = 117) were randomly assigned to 1 of
2 groups: Nia (n = 60) or Video-based
Education comparison (n = 57).
Comparison Group
The time-matched video-based education
comparison was delivered to groups of 6-10
men and consisted of two 3-hour sessions
delivered within the same week by
community-based prevention service providers
(1 man, 1 woman) who served as group
facilitators. This intervention was
implemented in a community center and used 4
videos to deliver HIV prevention information
which included group discussions, questions
and answers, and access to HIV/AIDS
information and HIV testing
Relevant Outcomes Measured and Follow-up Time
- Risk reduction strategies (including
refused unsafe sex) were measured at 3-
and 6-month follow-ups (recall period
not reported).
- Sex behaviors during past 3 months
(including number of partners,
frequencies of unprotected and protected
vaginal and anal intercourse, proportion
of protected intercourse) were measured
at 3- and 6-month follow-ups.
Participant Retention
- Nia Intervention:
83% retained at 3 months
72% retained at 6 months
- Video-based Educational Comparison:
84% retained at 3 months
67% retained at 6 months
Significant Findings
- The intervention participants
reported significantly lower rates of
unprotected vaginal intercourse than the
comparison participants at the 3-month
follow-up (p <.05).
- At the 3-month follow-up,
intervention participants reported a
significantly greater proportion of
condom-protected vaginal sex than
comparison participants (p < .05), and a
significantly greater proportion of
intervention participants than
comparison participants reported “almost
always” using condoms (p = .02).
Considerations
- This intervention fails to meet the best-evidence criteria due to small
analytical sample sizes.
- While the intervention meets promising-evidence criteria based on the
3-month findings, findings at the 6-month follow-up do not meet the criteria
because of small sample sizes.
- At the 3-month follow-up, relative to comparison participants,
intervention participants reported significantly less alcohol use before sex
(p < .05) and significantly less drug use in conjunction with sex (p < .05),
and a significantly greater proportion of intervention participants reported
talking with a partner about AIDS (p = .01).
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References and Contact Information
- Kalichman, S.C., Cherry, C., &
Browne-Sperling, F. (1999).
Effectiveness of a video-based
motivational skills-building HIV
risk-reduction intervention for
inner-city African American men.
Journal of Consulting and Clinical
Psychology, 67, 959-966.
Researcher: Seth C. Kalichman,
Department of Psychology, University of
Connecticut, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit
1020, Storrs, CT 06269-1020. email:
seth.k@uconn.edu
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