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Evaluation
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Evaluation activities focus on results by:
  • managing and measuring program performance
  • improving the quality of HIV prevention programs
  • promoting accountability

Program Performance Indicators
PEMS (Program Evaluation Monitoring System)
CDC Program Evaluation Projects and Resources
Transparent Reporting of Evaluations with Nonrandomized Designs (TREND)

Program Performance Indicators
As specified in the President’s Management Agenda, CDC has incorporated program performance indicators into its cooperative agreements with HIV prevention providers. The purpose is to improve performance and accountability of programs. Beginning in 2005 all directly funded health departments and CBOs will report on measures of HIV prevention planning, service delivery, and evaluation activities. The performance indicators will be used to monitor progress in critical areas of HIV prevention. The specific components of HIV prevention programs addressed by the indicators include:

  • HIV infections
  • community planning
  • prevention activities
    • Counseling, testing, and referral services
    • Partner counseling and referral services
    • Prevention for HIV-infected persons
    • Health education and risk-reduction activities
    • Prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission
  • evaluation of reporting compliance
  • capacity building activities

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PEMS (Program Evaluation and Monitoring System)
CDC has developed PEMS to strengthen monitoring and evaluation of HIV prevention programs. PEMS is to be used by health departments and CBOsfunded through CDC HIV prevention cooperative agreements. PEMS is a secure Internet browser-based software program for data entry and reporting. PEMS software was first released in the fall of 2004 to 42 health departments and 27 CBOs. It allows grantees to collect agency, community planning, and program plan data. The next release, scheduled for fall 2005, will enable grantees to enter client-level data and report to CDC. By the end of 2005, PEMS will be available to over 200 agenciesnationwide. PEMS will ensure that CDC receives standardized, accurate, and thorough program data from health department and CBO grantees. The data include

  • agency information
  • program plan details
  • client demographics
  • referral outcomes
  • HIV test results
  • partner elicitation and notification
  • client use of services
  • behavioral outcomes
  • community planning priority populations and interventions

These data will allow more comprehensive reporting of HIV prevention activities, fiscal information, and community planning information. These data will help HIV prevention stakeholders examine program fidelity, monitor use of key program services and behavioral outcomes, and calculate and report the program performance indicators. PEMS will help CDC monitor, evaluate, and coordinate HIV prevention programs and support the rapid set-up of special studies and evaluation projects.

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CDC Program Evaluation Projects and Resources

Health Departments

Community-Based Organizations

Evaluation Capacity

Evaluation Methodology & Data System

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Transparent Reporting of Evaluations with Nonrandomized Designs (TREND)

The Transparent Reporting of Evaluations with Nonrandomized Designs (TREND) Statement was developed in 2003, in consult with journal editors and HIV researchers, in an effort to improve the reporting standards for nonrandomized evaluations of behavioral and public health interventions. The key content on this TREND website is a 22-item checklist specifically developed to guide standardized reporting of nonrandomized controlled trials. This Checklist can be downloaded directly from the CDC website, along with a free pdf of the AJPH article that provides additional information about the TREND effort, process, and rationale for these reporting elements.

The TREND statement complements the widely adopted Consolidated Standards Of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement developed for randomized controlled trials. The TREND and CONSORT statements are important for researchers, journal editors, funding agencies, and reviewers as guides to improve the quality of reporting research evaluations in the peer-reviewed scientific literature. A collective effort in promoting transparent reporting is needed to improve research synthesis and advance evidence-based recommendations for best practices and policies. We encourage all researchers, funding agencies, journal editors, and reviewers to use the TREND Statement as a guide when designing evaluation studies and when reporting evaluation results.

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Last Modified: October 6, 2009
Last Reviewed: October 6, 2009
Content Source:
Divisions of HIV/AIDS Prevention
National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention
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