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Introduction
Requirements
Methods
Worksheet: Determining Which Intervention Plan Data to Submit
Introduction
An intervention plan sets forth the goals, expectations, and
implementation procedures for an intervention and is often
part of a proposal for funding. Once an intervention is funded, the intervention
plan can be used as a template for organizing and deploying resources and for determining the content of work to be done. The plan can also serve as the implementation standard for which the provider is accountable to the health department, as well as alert the health department to the provider’s potential technical assistance needs.
| Intervention An intervention is a specific
activity (or set of related activities) intended to bring about
HIV risk reduction in a particular target population using a
common strategy for delivering the prevention messages. An
intervention has distinct process and outcome objectives and a
protocol outlining the steps for implementation.
- Example: An individual-level counseling intervention may
consist of four related sessions, but they are all provided in a
clinic through one-on-one interaction.
Program:
A program is a distinction often used by an agency to
describe an organized effort to design and implement one or more
interventions to achieve a set of predetermined goals.
- Example: The Men's Education Network (MEN) is a program that
implements an individual-level counseling intervention, a social
marketing campaign, and outreach conducted in bars to reduce
MSM's unsafe sexual practices.
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Requirements
Data to Report
A core set of data elements to be reported by the health department to CDC in the aggregate by type of intervention and risk population includes the following:
- Type of agency
- Approximate number of people to be reached, categorized by race/ethnicity and sex (except for health communication/public information [HC/PI]). Reporting data on age is encouraged but not required.
- Sufficiency of evidence basis
- Sufficiency of service plan for implementing the intervention
A complete list of required variables for each type of intervention is
provided in the table, Variables Required for Aggregate Intervention Plans and Process Evaluations, at the end
of this chapter.
How to Report Data
At the beginning of the budget year for the health department’s externally
allocated funds, the health department should provide a report that summarizes
interventions of a particular type that it funds (see Table 1.1), grouped by
behavioral risk population (see Table 1.2). A separate set of data should be
provided for each type of intervention provided to each of the six behavioral
risk populations1 defined by risk of exposure to HIV.
Table 1.1
| Types of Interventions |
- Individual-Level Counseling
- Group-Level Counseling
- Outreach
- Health Communication and Public Information
|
- HIV-Antibody Counseling and Testing2
- Partner Counseling and Referral Services
- Prevention Case Management
- Other Interventions
|
Table 1.2
| Behavioral Risk Populations |
| MSM |
Men who have sex with men and are at risk through unsafe sex |
| MSM/IDU |
Men who are at risk from both unsafe sex with other men and unsafe
drug injection practices |
| IDU |
Men and women who are at risk through unsafe drug injection
practices |
| Heterosexual |
Men and women who are at risk through unsafe heterosexual sex |
| Mother with or at Risk for HIV Infection |
Women at risk for transmitting HIV during pregnancy, at birth, or
during infancy |
| General Population |
Reserved for interventions not targeting a specific population at
risk for HIV |
Note (as shown in the example below) that the data to be reported are an
aggregate for all the interventions of a particular type funded for a particular
population throughout the jurisdiction. For example, if a state funds five
different outreach interventions for injection drug users, one form should be
submitted that reflects all five interventions. If that same state funds three
other outreach interventions to serve men who have sex with men, one report
should be submitted that reflects those three MSM outreach activities. The
example in the box below expands on this example for further clarification.
| Example: Assume that a jurisdiction funds several
outreach interventions; some serve injection drug users, others serve
men who have sex with men. The jurisdiction also funds several
individual-level interventions for those two populations. This
jurisdiction would submit four separate sets of data in order to report
on each of these combinations of interventions and risk populations.
- One report would summarize the data for all outreach
interventions for IDUs that the health department funds.
- Another report would summarize all outreach
interventions for MSM.
- A third report would summarize the data for all
individual-level interventions for IDUs.
- The fourth report would contain the data for all
individual-level interventions for MSM.
|
The worksheet found at the end of the chapter, Determining Which
Intervention Plan Data to Submit, can also be used to determine which
reports should be submitted.
Intervention plan data should reflect final agreements between the health
department and providers about the nature and scope of the intervention to be
provided. That is, this summary should report on the characteristics of the
interventions after negotiations or revisions are made in conjunction with
health department staff. This may be different from what providers initially
propose. These projections should reflect services that will be offered during
the entire budget year, beginning on the date that the award is made.
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Methods
The worksheet, Determining Which Intervention Plan Data to
Submit, can be used to determine which particular reports should be
submitted. All interventions funded with CDC Announcement 99004 funding,
including those implemented by health department staff, should be included. The
example forms in this chapter are provided as resources for grantees and their
subcontractors to use for reporting information about proposed interventions.
There is one form for each of the major types of intervention (e.g.,
individual-level, outreach). These forms can be modified or added to as needed
to meet the particular needs of each jurisdiction.
Notably, because some programs for a single target
population may consist of multiple interventions, each intervention should have
a separate intervention plan.
Also, some “interventions” have multiple, discrete components
that, for the purposes here, should be classified as multiple components. For
example, some areas jurisdictions may fund an intervention they refer to as
community-level intervention (CLI) that is composed of a peer onion leader
intervention, a media campaign, street outreach, and house-party interventions
(i.e. group level intervention). This CLI is designed so that the component
interventions support one another and create a “whole” effect that is greater
than the sum of the “parts.” However, if each of these four components meets the
criteria for an intervention, then each one should be reported separately. As
defined earlier in the chapter, an intervention is...
- ...a specific activity (or set of related
activities)...
- ...intended to bring about HIV risk reduction...
- ...in a particular target population...
- ...using a common strategy for delivering the prevention
messages.
An intervention...
- ...has distinct process and outcome objectives and...
- ...a protocol outlining the steps for implementation.
If an intervention meets these criteria, a separate report
should be made for it, even if it is related theoretically, conceptually, or
programmatically to other distinct interventions.
Note: Some grantees may choose to submit data for individual
interventions as well as aggregate data.
In addition to the required data, grantees may submit narrative data that
supports, clarifies, or amplifies their submission. Examples of such optional
information are a discussion of secondary populations and the perceived impact
of that category on counts of people to be served or the “translation” of local
categories for populations or interventions to the standard taxonomy.
| Individual- and Group-Level Interventions |
| |
I3 |
P4 |
|
I |
P |
|
I |
P |
| Jurisdiction identification |
✓ |
✓ |
Evidence basis |
✓ |
|
Settings |
|
✓ |
| # of interventions |
✓ |
✓ |
Service plan |
✓ |
|
Staffing |
|
✓ |
| Types of agencies |
✓ |
✓ |
Statewide def./guidelines |
|
✓ |
Expenditures |
|
✓ |
| Risk population |
✓ |
✓ |
# of counseling sessions |
|
✓ |
|
|
|
| Demographics of clients to be received
served |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Demographics of clients served |
|
✓ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Outreach |
| Jurisdiction identification |
✓ |
✓ |
Evidence basis |
✓ |
|
Settings |
|
✓ |
| # of interventions |
✓ |
✓ |
Service plan |
✓ |
|
Staffing |
|
✓ |
| Types of agencies |
✓ |
✓ |
Statewide def./guidelines |
|
✓ |
Expenditures |
|
✓ |
| Risk population |
✓ |
✓ |
Prevention materials |
|
✓ |
|
|
|
| Demographics of clients to be received served |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Demographics of clients served |
|
✓ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Prevention Case Management |
| Jurisdiction identification |
✓ |
✓ |
Statewide def./guidelines |
|
✓ |
Staffing |
|
✓ |
| # of interventions |
✓ |
✓ |
# of PCM sessions received |
|
✓ |
Expenditures |
|
✓ |
| Types of agencies |
✓ |
✓ |
Average # of PCM sessions per client |
|
✓ |
|
|
|
| Risk population |
✓ |
✓ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Demographics of clients to be received served |
✓ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Demographics of clients served |
|
✓ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Partner Counseling and Referral Services |
| Jurisdiction identification |
✓ |
✓ |
Statewide def./guidelines |
|
✓ |
Staffing |
|
✓ |
| # of interventions |
✓ |
✓ |
# of partners identified |
|
✓ |
Expenditures |
|
✓ |
| Types of agencies |
✓ |
✓ |
# of notified partners counseled |
|
✓ |
|
|
|
| Risk population |
✓ |
✓ |
# of notified partners tested |
|
✓ |
|
|
|
| Demographics of clients to be received served |
✓ |
✓ |
# of notified partners testing positive |
|
✓ |
|
|
|
| Demographics of clients served |
|
✓ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Health Communications / Public Information |
| Jurisdiction identification |
✓ |
✓ |
Evidence basis |
✓ |
|
# of presentations |
|
✓ |
| # of interventions |
✓ |
✓ |
Service plan |
✓ |
|
Electronic/print media exposure |
|
✓ |
| Type of HC/PI intervention |
✓ |
✓ |
Statewide def./guidelines |
|
✓ |
Staffing |
|
✓ |
| Types of agencies |
✓ |
✓ |
# of hotline callers |
|
✓ |
Expenditures |
|
✓ |
| Risk population |
✓ |
✓ |
# of clearinghouse materials requested |
|
✓ |
|
|
|
| Other Interventions |
| Jurisdiction identification |
✓ |
✓ |
Description of “Other Intervention” |
✓ |
✓ |
|
|
|
| # of interventions |
✓ |
✓ |
Staffing |
|
✓ |
|
|
|
| Types of agencies |
✓ |
✓ |
Expenditures |
|
✓ |
|
|
|
| Type of “Other Intervention” |
✓ |
✓ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Worksheet: Determining Which Intervention Plan Data to Submit
- If you fund at least one of the following Intervention Types
for a particular Risk Population with CDC Announcement 99004 funds,
put a check mark (✓) in the corresponding cell.
- Submit a separate set of data (or use one of the example forms found in
this chapter) for each “intervention type by risk population” with a check
mark.
|
Risk Population*
Intervention Type |
MSM |
MSM/IDU |
IDU |
Hetero-sexual |
Mother With or at Risk for HIV |
General Public |
| Individual-Level |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Group-Level |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Outreach |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Prevention Case Management |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Partner Counseling and Referral Services |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Health Communication and Public Information |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Counseling and Testing** |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Interventions
(including community-level) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| * |
MSM: Men who have sex with men
MSM/IDU: Men who have sex with men and are also injection drug users
IDU: Injection drug users
See Instructions and Definitions for Reporting Intervention Plan Data,
for more detailed definitions of the risk populations. |
| ** |
For Intervention Plans, the only information asked for concerning
Counseling and Testing is whether significant changes are expected in the number or type of clients
seen. |
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Go to Instructions and Definitions for Reporting Intervention Plan Data
| 1 |
Risk populations are characterized primarily by the risk
behaviors associated with specific means of HIV transmission. This
classification is not intended to minimize the importance of other ways of
characterizing people at risk for HIV or in need of HIV prevention services. For
example, there are good reasons in some situations to classify people according
to demographic characteristics (e.g., age, race/ethnicity) or by occupation
(“sex worker”). The use of behavioral risk populations has two primary
advantages. First, it highlights the importance that CDC places on clarifying
the behavioral risk that is the target of prevention efforts. Second, it
provides a common denominator with which to describe the groups of people being
served with CDC funds. |
| 2 |
For many purposes, CDC will project numbers of people to be
served in an ensuing year based on the CT data submitted by the jurisdiction the
previous year. Therefore, the intervention plan example reporting form A for
Counseling and Testing is limited to a narrative discussion of any differences
that are anticipated between a previous year’s service level and the level
expected in the next year. |
| 3 |
I = Data requested for Intervention Plans |
| 4 |
P = Data requested for Process Evaluations |
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