Publications and Products
The Economics of Diabetes Mellitus:
An Annotated Bibliography
INTRODUCTION
How to
use this publication
Arrangement
of Items
Items in
this publication are arranged in four sections: (1) Types of Intervention;
(2) Costs of Diabetes; (3) Policy/Position Statements Related to Diabetes;
and (4) Expert Opinion.
The sections
are divided into several parts. Items in each part are listed in alphabetical
orders by title. The items are numbered sequentially, beginning with 1.
Indexes
This publication
contains three indexes. The Author Index lists personal and corporate
authors. The Subject Index lists selected key words describing
the content of the publications. The Title Index lists document
titles. If you are looking for a publication produced by a particular
person or agency, use the Author Index. If you want to identify
items in a specific subject area, such as diabetes education programs,
use the Subject Index. If you know the title of a publication,
use the Title Index.
Data Elements
A citation
and abstract are listed for each item in this publication. Data elements
include the abstract number, title, objective, category, conclusion, recommendation,
and abstract.
Sample
Description
Abstract
Number:
65
TITLE:
Cost Savings Associated with Detection and Treatment of Diabetic Eye Disease.
Javitt, J.C. PharmacoEconomics. 8 (Supplement 1): 33-39. 1995.
OBJECTIVE:
To estimate current and potential savings in the United States and Sweden
from screening and treating retinopathy in persons with diabetes.
CATEGORY:
Tertiary intervention.
Type of
Study: Epidemiological cohort model.
Methodology: Cost-benefit analysis.
Perspective: Societal.
CONCLUSION:
Treatment of retinopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus yields substantial
savings of sight years and money.
RECOMMENDATION:
Eye care for patients with diabetes must emphasize patient identification,
carefully maintained follow-up, and prompt, appropriate treatment.
ABSTRACT:
The author describes the use of the PROPHET modeling system, a program
designed to model the progression of a chronic, irreversible disease,
to estimate savings from recruiting, screening, and treatment programs
for diabetic eye disease. Data from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies
and clinical trials are used in the model. The analysis derives the costs
of screening and treatment from average Medicare charges for 1990; savings
as well as costs are expressed in 1990 U.S. dollars using a discount rate
of 5 percent. An annual federal expenditure of $14,296 is predicted for
blind persons with diabetes under 65 years of age, just $32 (not counting
Medicare, Social Security, income tax exemption) for those 65 and over.
Based on studies by Klein et al. (1987) in Wisconsin, the implementation
rate of eye screening is currently 60 percent. Even at this suboptimal
level, screening and treatment for eye disease in patients with diabetes
generates annual savings of $350 million to the federal budget and 100,000
person-years of sight. Each additional person (beyond the 60 percent level)
enrolled in appropriate screening and treatment is associated with net
lifetime savings of $9,571 (type 1 diabetes) or $973 (type 2 diabetes).
The Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care repeated this
analysis and found that 60 percent implementation of screening could potentially
save 22 million SEK. Their analysis found that savings associated with
detection and treatment were 10 times greater than costs. The authors
of the present study found that changing the frequency of screening for
patients with no or mild background retinopathy from 1 to 2 years does
not reduce years of sight saved and reduces screening costs if the sensitivity
of eye screening is 80 percent or greater. 3 figures, 43 references.
Obtaining
Additional Information
Questions
about this publication may be directed to:
Office of
Policy and Program Information
Division of Diabetes Translation
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
4770 Buford Highway, NE, Mailstop K-10
Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3717
(770) 488-5000
FAX: (770) 488-5966
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Page last modified: December 20, 2005
Content Source: National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
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